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Scientific processing of shiitake mushrooms
Drying and processing methods for shiitake mushrooms typically include sun drying and oven drying. Both techniques have their own advantages and are commonly used depending on the availability of resources and desired quality.
First, the sun drying method is one of the most traditional and cost-effective ways to dry mushrooms. It’s simple, requires no electricity, and helps preserve the natural nutrients, including vitamin D. The process involves placing freshly harvested mushrooms on a clean, flat surface such as a concrete floor or a drying tray in direct sunlight. Initially, arrange the mushrooms with the caps facing up and the stems down. After a few hours, when they are about half dry, flip them so that the stems face up and the caps face down. This ensures even drying and prevents the mushrooms from becoming too soft. If the weather turns rainy, it's advisable to switch to a more controlled drying method to prevent spoilage.
Second, the oven drying method is ideal when you want to speed up the process or when the weather is not favorable. After harvesting, the mushrooms should be placed in small baskets to avoid crushing. They should be dried on the same day to maintain freshness. The general procedure involves spreading the mushrooms evenly on a drying rack and placing them in a well-ventilated drying room. Start with a low temperature, around 35°C to 40°C, and gradually increase it by 5°C every 3–4 hours. However, never exceed 65°C, as higher temperatures can damage the texture and flavor. The drying room must have proper ventilation to prevent moisture buildup, which can cause discoloration—especially on the folds of the mushroom caps. Once the mushrooms are 80% dry, remove them and let them air out for a few hours before re-drying for another 3–4 hours. This helps achieve a moisture content of 13% or less, ensuring long-term storage.
Once fully dried, the mushrooms should be sorted by size and quality, then sealed in airtight containers. Store them in a cool, dry place away from light to maintain their flavor and nutritional value. Properly dried shiitake mushrooms can last for several months and are widely used in cooking for their rich, umami taste. Whether using sun drying or oven drying, attention to detail during the process ensures the best results.
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