Feed additive enzymes Simple classification of feed enzymes:
1.endogenous enzymes, refers to the animal body can secrete digestive enzymes, the main function is to digest the nutrients in the feed used to improve the digestibility of feed; The digestive system of young animals is not perfect, and the digestive enzymes secreted by the body are insufficient. In particular, a large amount of endogenous enzymes should be added to the feed based on plant raw materials to solve the digestive problems. Endogenous enzymes generally refer to protease, amylase, lipase and so on.
2. Exogenous enzymes refer to the enzyme preparations that animals cannot secrete autonomously and must be added. The main function is to degrade the anti-nutrient factors of plant raw materials, non-starch polysaccharides that hinder the release of nutrients and react with the contact of endogenous enzymes, such as cell walls, and non-starch polysaccharides that bring negative effects; Common are phytase, xylanase, glucanase, cellulase, mannanase, galactosidase, etc.
3.functional enzymes, mainly use its catalytic function to achieve the processes and products we need, such as glucose oxidase, a brief overview is the catalytic process with glucose to consume oxygen, produce gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide, Reduce the PH value of the gut, and use its strong oxidation to alleviate mycotoxin poisoning and protect the health of the digestive system, improve immunity and other functions; In addition, there are catalase, lysozyme and other related products, the specific function is not this unnecessary
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How to prevent and treat diseases and pests after falling pears
After the pears have fallen, a variety of pests and diseases become active as they move from their overwintering sites to the new growing areas. This period is crucial for effective pest and disease management. The main diseases affecting pear trees include pear rot, pear ringworm, and pear black spot, while common pests include the pear psylla, pear stem borer, oriental fruit moth, crickets, beetles, and locusts.
Pear rot and pear ring rot reach their peak in spring. To manage these diseases, it's important to continue removing old bark and lesions on branches. After scraping, apply a 45% Schneiders solution diluted at a ratio of 50 to 150 times and smear it directly onto the affected areas.
Pear scab overwinters in the scales of infected shoots. As spring progresses, these infected shoots begin to grow and can produce up to 700,000 spores per day, continuing for 38 to 57 days. The more diseased shoots present, the higher the risk of infection. Therefore, after harvest, it's essential to control pear scab by first removing and destroying the infected tips—either by burning or burying them deeply. Then, apply protective fungicides to prevent further spread.
Spiral borers typically complete 2 to 3 life cycles per year and have a habit of feeding on buds and fruits. At this time, the borers that were previously in the calyx move to young fruits when they are about the size of a thumb. Each larva can damage 1 to 4 fruits, so it's recommended to use systemic insecticides like 40% good labor for effective control.
The oriental fruit moth, also known as the peach pieris, has 4 to 5 generations annually. These pests often attack nearby plum and peach trees, primarily damaging young shoots. It's important to prune and remove infested shoots promptly to prevent further spread.
The pear sawfly, also called the cutworm, completes one generation per year. During this time, adults begin laying eggs. When new shoots grow to 10–15 cm in length, females lay eggs on the tips of 6–7 cm shoots. To manage this, it's necessary to spray insecticides to target adult moths and then prune the affected shoots, cutting 3–4 cm below the egg-laying site.
The pygma (pear psylla) has one generation per year and mainly attacks during the flowering to fruit development stage. Larvae are typically found in the calyx area. For prevention, it's recommended to use a systemic agent such as 40% good labor combined with 2.5% pheromone.
During the entire management process, attention should be paid to several key points: avoid using high concentrations of chemicals, as this may cause fruit drop. Use protective fungicides rather than curative ones. If there's a drought, water sparingly and avoid flooding, as excessive irrigation can promote vegetative growth and lead to fruit drop. After the harvest, spraying a 0.5% borax solution, calcium chloride, or calcium nitrate can help improve fruit quality and reduce physiological disorders.