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Scientific processing of shiitake mushrooms
Drying methods for mushrooms typically include sun drying and oven drying. Both techniques are widely used, but each has its own advantages and specific steps to ensure the best quality.
First, the sun-drying method is one of the most traditional and cost-effective ways to dry mushrooms. It is simple, efficient, and helps preserve a high level of vitamin D in the mushrooms. The process begins by placing freshly harvested shiitake mushrooms on a clean, sunny surface such as a drying field or concrete floor. Initially, the mushrooms should be arranged with their caps facing up and stems down to allow even exposure to sunlight. After about half-drying, they should be flipped so that the stems are up and the caps are down, ensuring uniform drying. This process continues until the mushrooms are approximately 90% dry. If rain occurs, it’s important to switch to a more controlled drying method, such as using heat, to prevent spoilage.
The second method is oven drying, which offers more control over temperature and humidity. After harvesting, mushrooms should be placed in small baskets to avoid compression and ensure proper air circulation. They should be dried on the same day to maintain freshness. The standard procedure involves spreading the mushrooms on a drying rack and placing them in a drying room. The initial temperature should not exceed 40°C, and it should be gradually increased by 5°C every 3–4 hours, with a maximum limit of 65°C. Proper ventilation is crucial during this process—especially on the exhaust side—to prevent discoloration of the mushroom folds, which can affect the final quality. Once the mushrooms are 80% dry, they should be removed and aired for several hours before being re-dried for another 3–4 hours. This ensures that the moisture content drops to 13% or lower. Baked mushrooms tend to have a better color, stronger aroma, and longer shelf life.
After drying, it's essential to sort the mushrooms by size and quality promptly. Once graded, they should be quickly sealed in airtight containers and stored in a cool, dry place to maintain their quality and extend their shelf life. Whether using sun drying or oven drying, following these detailed steps ensures that the final product is of the highest possible quality.