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Cucumber cultivation
Gherkin is one of the most popular early spring vegetables, known for its short growth cycle, early market availability, and high economic returns. Cultivating gherkin successfully requires careful attention to seed preparation, planting techniques, and ongoing management.
To start, it's essential to grow strong seedlings. Before sowing, soak the seeds in warm water (50–55°C) for 15 minutes, then transfer them to cold water for 3–4 hours to ensure full hydration. After that, wrap the seeds in a damp cloth or sand and place them in a pot or container. Maintain a temperature of 25–28°C, checking every 8 hours. If the moisture level drops, mist with warm water to keep it even. Germination usually occurs within 24 hours, after which the seeds can be gradually acclimated to the outdoor environment before sowing.
For seedbed disinfection, mix 64% anti-virus or 58% Remycin with sand at a rate of 10 grams per square meter, then spread it in the seedbed. Place the seeds in the middle of the bed and cover them. This helps prevent bacterial infections and promotes healthy seedling development. Sow the seeds between mid-November and early December, using 15 grams per square meter for seedbeds and 150–250 grams per acre for field planting. After sowing, cover the area with a 25 cm high plastic arch to protect against cold damage. When the seedlings begin to emerge, carefully break the film to allow them to grow freely.
If transplanting, wait until the seedlings have 2–3 true leaves before moving them to their final location.
During the planting phase, choose deep, fertile soil and apply a base fertilizer of 3000–3500 kg per mu, along with 10–20 kg of potassium sulfate and 40–50 kg of calcium. Prepare the soil thoroughly before planting. Plant in rows that are 15 meters wide, with 30 cm spacing between plants, or adjust according to your preference. After planting, cover the surface with mulch and install a plastic tunnel 25–30 cm high. Once the plants start growing vigorously, remove the "Tianma" support structure.
Watering should be minimal during the seedling stage, as the soil is still cool. As the plant begins to fruit, increase watering and fertilization. The first fertilizer application can include 10 kg of ammonium nitrate or 8 kg of urea mixed with 15 kg of common calcium. During peak fruiting, apply 15 kg of ammonium nitrate and 15–20 kg of calcium, repeating every week. Avoid over-fertilizing with ammonium bicarbonate during the seedling stage, as it may cause nitrogen toxicity.
Prune the main stems while removing lateral branches. Retain some upper lateral shoots to promote better fruit production.
Pest and disease control is crucial. Common issues include downy mildew and bacterial angular spot, which often occur together. For bacterial diseases, use 30% DT bactericide diluted 500 times, 70% DTm powder at 500–600 times, or 25% trehalone at 600–800 times. Agricultural streptomycin can also be used at 4000–5000 times, or 45% Daisen ammonium at 1000 times. For downy mildew, mix 150 grams of urea and 500 grams of brown sugar in 50 kg of water, and spray every 5 days for 4–5 times, focusing on the underside of the leaves in the morning.
Chemical controls like 40% aluminum alfa at 200 times, 75% chlorothalonil at 600 times, or 25% methyldinocap at 400–600 times can also be effective. Rotate fungicides to avoid resistance. When both downy mildew and bacterial spots are present, combine treatments such as 30% DT fungicide with 40% diethylaluminophosphate, or 30% DT bactericide with 25% metalaxyl. Always follow instructions and use protective gear when applying chemicals.