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When the heifers are most suitable for breeding
Heifers are typically first exposed to heat between 6 and 12 months of age. However, at this stage, their estrus cycles are often irregular, with short durations, and their reproductive systems are still developing. This means they aren't yet ready for breeding, as their bodies are still growing and maturing. Both males and females may reach sexual maturity between 8 and 12 months, but at this point, their bodies are in a critical growth phase. Breeding them too early can negatively impact their future development, reduce their lifespan, and result in offspring with lower vitality and productivity. Therefore, it's not advisable to breed them at such an early age, and proper management is essential to avoid premature mating.
So, when should cows be bred? It depends on their overall maturity. Generally, both males and females reach full reproductive maturity between 2 and 3 years of age. From experience, high-quality heifers are usually ready for breeding between 1.5 to 2 years old, while bulls are best bred around 2 to 2.5 years. Introducing young cattle at 1.5 to 2 years is considered appropriate, but it's important to assess each individual's development. The ideal time to start breeding is when the animal has reached about 65% to 70% of its adult weight, 90% of its adult body size, and 80% of its chest circumference. These indicators help ensure that the cow or bull is physically mature enough to handle the demands of reproduction without compromising their health or future performance.