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Prevention of spinach leukoplakia
Spinach leukoplakia is a fungal disease that primarily affects the leaves of spinach plants. The symptoms typically begin on the lower leaves, where small, round lesions appear with distinct edges. These lesions start as yellow-white in the center and gradually develop brownish to purple-brown borders. Over time, the affected areas turn into white patches. When humidity is high, grayish fungal threads can be observed on the lesions. During dry conditions, the central part of the lesions tends to crack easily. This disease is caused by the fungus *Spinachella flavescens*.
The infection cycle begins when the fungal mycelium survives in the soil during winter. The pathogen spreads through wind and rain, making it more prevalent in warm and humid environments. Plants that are weak or under stress are more susceptible to infection, which can lead to severe damage if left unchecked.
To manage this disease effectively, several preventive measures should be taken:
1. Improve overall plant health by proper watering, fertilization, and crop management to enhance resistance against infections.
2. Immediately remove and dispose of infected plant material after harvest. It is recommended to bury the diseased parts deeply or burn them to eliminate the source of the pathogen.
3. In the early stages of infection, apply fungicides such as 50% carbendazim diluted at 800 times, or a Bordeaux mixture (1:0.5:160) for effective control. Alternatively, 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder can be used at a dilution of 700 times. Regular monitoring and timely application of these treatments can significantly reduce the spread of the disease.
By implementing these strategies, growers can minimize the impact of spinach leukoplakia and maintain healthy crops throughout the growing season.