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Prevention of spinach leukoplakia
Spinach leukoplakia primarily affects the leaves, with symptoms first appearing on the lower foliage. The initial lesions are small, round, and sharply defined. The center of the spots is yellow-white, while the outer edges range from brown to purplish-brown. Over time, these lesions develop into white patches. Under high humidity conditions, grayish fungal threads can be observed on the affected areas. When the environment alternates between wet and dry, the central part of the lesions tends to crack easily. This disease is caused by a fungal pathogen.
The infection cycle involves the survival of *Spinachella flavescens* mycelium in the soil during winter. The fungus spreads through wind and rain, thriving in warm and humid environments. Plants that are weak or under stress are more susceptible to infection.
To prevent spinach leukoplakia, proper agricultural practices are essential. First, improve overall crop management to enhance plant resistance. Second, remove and dispose of infected plant material promptly after harvest—either by deep burial or burning—to reduce the disease's spread. Third, during the early stages of infection, apply fungicides such as 50% carbendazim diluted at 800 times, or a Bordeaux mixture at a ratio of 1:0.5:160. Alternatively, use 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder diluted at 700 times. Regular monitoring and timely intervention are crucial for effective control.