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Citrus sunburn prevention method
Sunburn is a physiological disorder that occurs when fruits are exposed to intense sunlight. The outer layer of the fruit, or pericarp, can become burned, discolored, hardened, or even die, which significantly reduces the quality and market value of the fruit.
**Symptoms**
The affected areas of the fruit typically show dark blue or yellowish-brown discoloration. The skin may stop growing, become rough and hard, and in some cases, cracks may form. These lesions are usually flat, leading to deformed fruit. In mild cases, only the surface is damaged, but in severe cases, the water inside the fruit cells shrinks, resulting in very watery juice with little flavor, making the fruit inedible.
**Causes and Conditions**
Sunburn is more common during the summer and autumn seasons. Fruits located on west- or southwest-facing slopes, especially those in the upper parts of the tree canopy, are more vulnerable due to prolonged sun exposure. Young fruit-bearing trees are also more susceptible. Insufficient soil moisture and nutrients can worsen the condition. Additionally, applying lime sulfur or sulfur-based sprays under high temperatures and intense sunlight can further damage the fruit. In September, dewdrops often cause clusters of fruit to suffer from additional stress.
**Control Methods**
1. Avoid planting sensitive fruit varieties on west- or southwest-facing slopes. If such areas are used, choose species that are less prone to sunburn. When planning orchards, consider building windbreaks on the southwest side to reduce direct sunlight exposure.
2. During summer and autumn, avoid using lime sulfur to control rust mites. If necessary, use 0.1°Bé in summer and 0.2°Bé in autumn, and apply it before 10 a.m. or after 3 p.m. to minimize sunburn risk.
3. From July to September, maintain proper irrigation or use misting systems to regulate soil moisture and improve the orchard’s microclimate.
4. If minor sunburn is detected, cover the affected area with a small piece of paper or apply lime milk to the damaged spot. This can help the fruit recover over time and return to normal.
By implementing these measures, growers can effectively reduce the occurrence of sunburn and protect the quality of their fruit production.