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Garden muddy five steps
Loach is a warm-water fish that thrives in an environment with temperatures ranging from 15°C to 30°C, with the ideal range being 24°C to 27°C. For farmers, building ponds to raise loach is a cost-effective and efficient way to generate income. It requires minimal investment, offers quick returns, and reduces labor efforts. In this article, I will share my personal method of raising loach.
First, constructing the pond is essential. I usually build it at the back of the house or around the courtyard, choosing a spot that has access to water and is shaded from direct sunlight. The pond is typically made of bricks and stones, with a depth of about one meter. After laying the base, I apply cement to seal it. Once it dries, I add about 17 centimeters of mud and then pour in 33 centimeters of clean water before introducing the seedlings.
Next, stocking the pond with loach seedlings. I calculate the number based on 500 to 750 grams per square meter. Seedlings can be bought from the market or bred and collected by myself. It's important to select healthy, uniform-sized seedlings and maintain a ratio of one male to three females. Male loach have a narrow head, thin pectoral fins, a thick body, and a tail that points upward with a small bony plate at the base. Female loach have a more conical shape, with a thick front and thin tail, wide but short pectoral fins, and a rounded, flat tip. Female loach are highly fertile, spawning two to three times a year and laying up to ten thousand eggs each time.
Feeding is straightforward since loach are omnivorous. I feed them cow dung, rice bran, wheat bran, and even fly larvae. Usually, I feed them three times a day, adjusting based on their consumption.
Fertilization should be done carefully. Organic fertilizers can be added in moderation during the breeding period, but over-fertilizing should be avoided. Regular water changes are necessary, ideally every 10 to 15 days.
Harvesting is done by draining the pond partially and using large nets to catch the larger fish while leaving smaller ones behind for future growth.
Some key points to note: First, do not raise loach together with crickets, as they may eat the mud. Second, ensure the pond’s edges are at least 0.5 meters above the water level, and install barbed wire at the inlet and outlet to prevent loach from escaping. Third, when winter temperatures drop to 5°C to 10°C, loach stop feeding and burrow into the mud to hibernate. To maintain a stable temperature, shade structures should be built in summer, and plastic greenhouses can be used in winter to keep the water warmer. Fourth, loach reproduce quickly and grow fast, reaching commercial size of about 150 grams in around 120 days, so proper management is crucial. Fifth, if you don’t have the space to build a pond, you can use containers like pots or cylinders for raising loach. Lastly, the "summer solstice" is the best time to plant seedlings, so make sure to take advantage of this period for better results.