Day lily cultivation techniques

1. Method of Reproduction (1) Vegetative Propagation For vegetative propagation, select healthy plants with vigorous growth, numerous flower buds, high quality, and no signs of pests. Before winter seedlings are harvested, a portion of the tillers should be dug up as planting material. These tillers are then separated, and the roots are cut from the shortened stems. Old, woody roots and thickened fleshy roots should be removed. The remaining roots can be planted after being cut appropriately. Ramets can also be propagated after the winter seedlings have started to wilt but before the spring cultivars begin to grow. Care must be taken during excavation to minimize root damage. To ensure a relatively high yield in the following year, about 1/4 to 1/3 of the ramets should be removed each season. After several years, the other side of the plant cluster can be used for further propagation. (2) Seed Propagation For seed propagation, choose the healthiest and most productive plants during their peak growing season. Leave 5 to 6 strong buds on each plant during the flowering period to ensure good flowering and fruiting. Other buds should be removed as usual. When the follicles are mature and their tips begin to open slightly, harvesting is carried out. The seeds are then dried for later use. Sowing takes place from autumn to early spring. A seedbed is prepared with a base fertilizer, and rows are created with a width of 130–170 cm, with shallow ditches approximately 3 cm deep, spaced 17–20 cm apart. After applying diluted human manure, the seeds are evenly sown into the ditches. A layer of loose soil and a thin layer of organic fertilizer or grass are placed on top to keep the bed moist. To promote faster germination, the seeds can be soaked in warm water (25–30°C) for 1–2 days before sowing. Regular watering and weeding should be done before the seeds emerge. 2. Land Preparation and Planting Before planting, the land should be deeply tilled to a depth of more than 30 cm. Deep plowing helps develop a strong root system, resulting in lush foliage, many tillers, sturdy buds, and abundant flower buds. After leveling the ground, planting holes are dug according to the specified spacing—usually 1,500 to 2,000 holes per acre. Each hole should be about 25 cm deep and 30 cm in diameter. Apply compost as a base fertilizer, followed by a 6–7 cm layer of fine soil. Then, place the seedlings or young plants into the holes and cover them so that the roots are buried 10–15 cm below the surface. Top the planting area with fresh manure. Typically, 2–4 plants are planted per hole. In the fall along the Yangtze River, this method allows the plants to develop new roots and accumulate nutrients in the same year, laying a solid foundation for healthy spring growth. However, late spring planting may result in delayed emergence of seedlings, slower growth, and reduced bolting.

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