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Shed watermelon June scientific management
Watermelons are vulnerable to cracking during the harvest season when their skin is at its thinnest. This issue is particularly common in certain varieties, with some experiencing a cracking rate of over 30%, leading to significant economic losses for farmers. High temperatures and droughts can cause watermelons to swell and burst, while sudden changes in soil moisture—such as heavy rain after a dry spell or continuous rainfall—can lead to rapid fruit growth that outpaces the skin's ability to expand, resulting in cracks.
Thin-skinned varieties like Huang Xiaoyu, Hong Xiaoyu, and 84-24 are especially prone to this problem. Their skins are only about 0.5 cm thick, making them more susceptible to cracking under stress conditions such as extreme weather or sudden temperature shifts.
To prevent cracking, it’s important to manage irrigation carefully. Furrow irrigation should be adjusted based on leaf wilting and recovery, and it’s best to avoid heavy watering if rain is expected in the next few days. Drip irrigation is ideal for maintaining even soil moisture. When cracking becomes severe, controlling nutrient flow into the fruit can help. Techniques such as inserting bamboo sticks or pins vertically into the vines, or manually twisting the stems, can reduce the risk of cracking.
Wilt is another serious disease affecting watermelons, caused by Fusarium fungi. It commonly occurs during the vine extension stage and is particularly severe in replanted fields, where infection rates can reach nearly 100%. Symptoms include yellowing of lower leaves, roughness at the base of the stem, and longitudinal cracking of roots and necks. Wet conditions promote the growth of white or pink mold, and the vascular tissue turns brown.
To control wilt, a comprehensive approach is recommended: crop rotation for at least five years, grafting onto resistant rootstocks like sunspot blue melon, removing and burning infected plants immediately, and applying fungicides such as 50% carbendazim WP diluted 500 times, 30% DT bactericide diluted 350 times, or 70% thiophanate-methyl. These treatments should be applied around the plant roots at 200–250 ml per plant, every 7–10 days for 2–3 applications.
Anthracnose is a major disease in the middle to late stages of watermelon growth. It appears as brown, round or semicircular lesions on leaf edges, with black dots or pink mucus. The stems may curl and die, and the fruits develop dark, sunken spots with a pink, slimy texture when wet. To prevent anthracnose, protective sprays such as 50% thiophanate-methyl WP diluted 800 times, 75% chlorothalonil WP 800 times, or 50% carbendazim WP 800 times are effective. Additional options include 36% Thiophanate Suspension 500x, 80% Anthraquinone WP 800x, and 2% antimycotic (agricultural 120) diluted 200 times. Spraying every 7–10 days for 2–3 times is recommended.
Blight affects the stems, leaves, and fruits of watermelons. Leaves show water-soaked, dark green spots that become soft in high humidity and brittle when dry. Stems and petioles develop spindle-shaped lesions that cause wilting above the affected area. Fruits develop dark green, watery lesions with a white, wooly odor. To control blight, sprays like 75% chlorothalonil WP 600 times, 25% IP wettable powder 800 times, or 50% carbendazim wettable powder 500 times are effective. Other options include 64% antivirus 500 times and 60% potassium dimethoate (DTM) 500 times. Applications should be made every 5–7 days for three consecutive times. Unlike anthracnose, the choice of fungicides differs.