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Yak cultivation technology for meat
I. Yak Nursing Technology
Newborn yaks must consume colostrum within the first hour after birth to gain essential antibodies and nutrients. If the mother is unable to provide colostrum due to health issues or other reasons, it's crucial to use a high-quality artificial milk substitute that matches the nutritional requirements of yaks. The formula should be well-mixed, warmed to 38–40°C, and fed 4–5 times daily.
From 7 to 10 days old, calves should be allowed to move freely with their mothers in an outdoor area or pasture for about 30 minutes. By one month of age, this time can gradually increase to 1–2 hours and continue to be extended as the calf grows. Maintaining a clean, dry, and hygienic environment in the barn is essential, especially during winter when warmth is necessary. In summer, proper ventilation and protection from heat stress are equally important. Calves should always have access to clean, fresh water for free drinking.
Common health issues in young yaks include E. coli infection (commonly known as white diarrhea), nutritional diarrhea, and respiratory diseases such as pneumonia. It’s recommended to consult a veterinarian for accurate diagnosis and treatment based on the calf's specific condition.
II. Yak Early Feeding Technology
Early feeding should begin at 2–3 months of age. A separate feeding station or trough should be placed near the cow’s resting area to prevent the cow from eating the calf’s feed. Feed should be offered 1–2 times per day. If feeding once, it's best to do so in the afternoon or evening; if twice, morning and evening are ideal.
When feeding, mix the concentrate feed with water in a 1:2.5 ratio to create a moist, thick mixture. The quantity of feed should be adjusted based on the calf’s weight and the amount of milk it receives. At 2 months, start introducing small amounts of the feed mixture to help the calf adapt. From 3 months, feed 0.2–0.3 kg per day; by 4 months, increase to 0.3–0.8 kg; at 5 months, 0.8–1.2 kg; and by 6 months, 1.2–1.5 kg.
During this period, calves should also have access to soft, high-quality roughage for free grazing. The feed mixture should be formulated to meet the specific nutritional needs of growing yaks. A standard early feeding formula might include: 47% cornmeal, 13% bran, 20% soybean meal, 15% grass flour or corn stover powder, 1.2% calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.8% salt, and 3% of a vitamin and mineral additive. This balanced diet supports healthy growth and development.