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Yak cultivation technology for meat
**I. Yak Nursing Technology**
Newborn yaks should be fed colostrum within the first hour after birth to ensure they receive essential antibodies and nutrients. If the mother cow is unable to nurse due to health issues or other reasons, artificial milk should be provided as a substitute. The artificial milk must be carefully formulated to meet the specific nutritional requirements of yaks. It should be thoroughly mixed and warmed to a temperature between 38°C and 40°C before feeding. Calves should be fed 4 to 5 times daily during the first few weeks of life.
After 7 to 10 days, calves can begin to move freely with their mothers in an outdoor area or pasture for about 30 minutes per day. As they grow, this time can gradually increase to 1 to 2 hours per day. Maintaining a clean, dry, and hygienic environment in the calf barn is crucial for preventing diseases. During winter, the barn should be well-insulated and warm, while in summer, proper ventilation is necessary to avoid heat stress. Fresh water should always be available for the calves to drink freely.
Common health issues in young yaks include E. coli infection (commonly known as white diarrhea), nutritional diarrhea, and pneumonia. These conditions require prompt attention from a veterinarian, who will determine the most appropriate treatment based on the calf’s condition.
**II. Yak Early Feeding Technology**
The introduction of solid feed begins when the calf is 2 to 3 months old. A separate feeding area or trough should be set up away from the mother cow to prevent her from interfering with the calf’s meal. Feedings are typically done once or twice a day. If fed once, it should be in the afternoon or evening; if twice, then in the morning and evening.
During feeding, a mixture of concentrated feed and water is prepared in a ratio of 1:2.5 to create a moist, thick consistency. The quantity of feed should be adjusted based on the calf’s weight and the amount of milk it is still receiving. At two months old, small amounts of the feed mixture are introduced to help the calf adapt to solid food. By three months, the calf should be given 0.2 to 0.3 kg of the mixture daily. This amount increases gradually—0.3 to 0.8 kg at four months, 0.8 to 1.2 kg at five months, and 1.2 to 1.5 kg at six months.
Throughout this period, calves should have access to soft, high-quality roughage such as hay or grass, which they can eat freely. The feed mixture should be balanced according to the calf’s developmental needs. A typical early feeding formula includes: 47% cornmeal, 13% bran, 20% soybean cake, 15% grass flour or corn stalk powder, 1.2% calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.8% salt, and 3% additional supplements.
Proper feeding practices during the early stages are essential for the long-term growth, health, and productivity of yaks.