S-adenosylmethionine Succinate Sulfuric Acid sam e drug,lucovitaal d mannose,s adenosylmethionine,s adenosil metionina,s adenosylmethionine depression Jiangxi Chengzhi Bioengineering Co., Ltd , https://www.chengzhi-bio.com
Question of artificial seedlings of calamari
Sepia esculenta, commonly known as the golden cuttlefish, is a highly nutritious and valuable marine species with a delicious taste and a short growth cycle. It holds great potential as a protein source in aquaculture. In recent years, we have conducted preliminary research on artificial breeding techniques for this species, identifying several key issues that need attention during the nursery phase. Below are some of the critical steps and considerations.
First, selecting the right spawning ground is essential. Adult cuttlefish typically inhabit coastal waters between 2 to 5 nautical miles from shore, at depths ranging from 40 to 100 meters. These areas often feature sandy or gravelly bottoms, coral reefs, and patches of seaweed. Rishan Bay in Rizhao, Shandong, serves as the largest natural habitat and spawning ground for the golden cuttlefish. Adults can weigh up to 1.5 kg, and they spawn between March and May. Each adult lays approximately 1,000 to 1,500 eggs over multiple sessions, usually from midday to dusk. Eggs are laid on coral structures or branches, forming clusters or strings. To collect fertilized eggs, we use specially designed egg harvesters, which are deployed to the seabed in mid-March when spawning begins. These devices are anchored with cables and marked on the surface. The egg collectors consist of three bamboo rods with 3 cm mesh polyethylene nets, allowing only small openings for the cuttlefish to enter. Inside, seaweed sticks are placed to mimic natural substrates.
Next, timely harvesting and proper handling are crucial. Egg collection typically occurs until mid-May. Once harvested, the eggs are washed thoroughly using disinfectants such as streptomycin or potassium permanganate. Care must be taken during transport to avoid damage—eggs are placed on wet seaweed and covered with sacks to protect them from sunlight. Upon arrival at the nursery, they are transferred to a controlled cultivation pond, where they are soaked for 30 minutes in a disinfectant solution before being moved to a fresh seawater tank. The eggs are then suspended about 20 cm above the bottom to ensure even water flow and optimal conditions for hatching.
Water quality management is another vital aspect. In the early stages, water should be changed daily, with any debris or decaying materials removed promptly. The water temperature should closely match the natural sea temperature (around 18–19°C). As temperatures rise gradually, care must be taken not to exceed a 1°C increase within two days. If necessary, underground seawater can be used to regulate the temperature. When the temperature reaches 23°C, constant temperature conditions are maintained. Fertilized eggs generally hatch within 10 to 20 days, after which the young cuttlefish are collected and placed in cages. At this stage, water exchange frequency increases to 2–3 times per day, using clean seawater. Special care is needed when handling the small squids to prevent stress or injury from ink release.
Feeding is also an important factor. After hatching, small cuttlefish begin feeding within 1–2 days. The best initial food is artificially hatched brine shrimp (Artemia), which can be introduced in stages as the juveniles grow. After 10 days, shading is gradually reduced, and the diet can be transitioned to larval shrimp or copepods from natural seawater. In some cases, saltworms from brine pools can also be used. A fine mesh net cage is placed in the corner of the tank to keep Artemia alive and accessible for feeding. Juveniles are typically raised intensively for 30–45 days before being moved to larger cultivation ponds.
Finally, salinity control is critical. Cuttlefish are sensitive to changes in salinity, with a safe limit of around 30‰. After domestication, this can be slightly reduced to 28‰, but below that, the animals show signs of distress. During the rainy season, maintaining stable salinity becomes more challenging. To manage this, it's recommended to pre-fill reservoirs with enough seawater before the season starts, reduce water exchange when possible, and if necessary, adjust salinity by adding coarse salt to new water before introducing it to the tanks.
By following these detailed steps, we can improve the success rate of artificial breeding and ensure the healthy development of Sepia esculenta in aquaculture settings.