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Intercropping Techniques of Potato
Intercropping potatoes with grains, cotton, and vegetable crops can significantly enhance the utilization of light energy and land, thereby boosting economic returns per unit area. Field trials conducted in Zhangqiu City, Shandong Province, demonstrated the effectiveness of such practices. For example, intercropping cotton and potatoes yielded over 260 kilograms of lint per mu and more than 2,100 kilograms of potatoes. In another system, spring potato-corn-autumn potato intercropping produced 2,100 kg of spring potatoes, 590 kg of corn, and 1,300 kg of autumn potatoes. The profit from these two intercropping methods was found to be 100% higher compared to growing cotton or corn alone.
When implementing potato intercropping, several key factors should be considered:
First, selecting suitable varieties is crucial. For second-quarter intercropping, early-maturing potato varieties are recommended. Using plastic film covering techniques for spring potatoes helps reduce the overlapping growth period with other crops, easing competition for water, nutrients, and management efforts during the symbiotic phase.
Second, choosing the right cultivation method is essential. For instance:
1. **Potato-Maize Intercropping**: To address shading issues, a two-by-two planting pattern is often used—two rows of potatoes and two rows of corn, each with a row spacing of 30 cm, and a total width of 120 cm. Potatoes are spaced 20 cm apart, resulting in a density of 3,700 plants per mu. For tall maize varieties, a three-by-two configuration may be more effective, where three rows of corn are paired with two rows of potatoes. Corn spacing is 40 cm, with 30 cm between rows, while potatoes are spaced 60 cm apart, with 20 cm between them. The distance between potato and corn rows is 30 cm, and the total width is 200 cm. This results in a density of 3,333 plants per mu.
2. **Potato-Cotton Intercropping**: It is generally advisable to plant potatoes about a month earlier than cotton, ensuring a shorter coexistence period. A two-by-two layout is commonly used, with potatoes spaced 60 cm apart and 20 cm between plants. Cotton is placed 40 cm away from potatoes, with a total width of 180 cm. The density of both crops is around 3,700 per mu.
Third, during spring planting, it's important to manage water demand carefully. Potatoes are cold-tolerant and are usually sown earlier than other crops. However, watering after emergence can lower soil temperature, which may negatively affect the growth of cotton and corn. Therefore, when irrigation is necessary, it is best to water between the potato rows to minimize impact on other crops.