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Intercropping Techniques of Potato
Intercropping potatoes with grains, cotton, and vegetable crops can significantly enhance the utilization of sunlight and land, thereby boosting economic returns per unit area. Field trials conducted in Zhangqiu City, Shandong Province, have demonstrated the effectiveness of such practices. For example, intercropping cotton and potatoes yielded over 260 kilograms of lint per mu and more than 2,100 kilograms of potatoes. In another system, the spring potato-corn-autumn potato intercropping method produced 2,100 kilograms of spring potatoes, 590 kilograms of corn, and 1,300 kilograms of autumn potatoes. Compared to monoculture systems, these intercropping methods increased pure profit by as much as 100%.
To successfully implement potato intercropping, several key considerations should be taken into account:
First, selecting suitable varieties is essential. For second-quarter intercropping, early-maturing potato varieties are recommended. When planting spring potatoes using plastic mulch, it’s important to minimize the overlapping growth period with other crops, thus reducing conflicts in water, fertilizer, and management requirements during the symbiotic phase.
Second, choosing the right cultivation method is crucial. For instance, in potato-maize intercropping, a two-by-two layout can be used to address shading issues. This involves planting two rows of potatoes and two rows of corn, with each row spaced 30 cm apart and the total width of the bed being 120 cm. Potatoes are spaced 20 cm apart, resulting in a density of about 3,700 plants per mu. For tall-stalked corn, a three-by-two planting pattern is recommended, where three rows of corn are alternated with two rows of potatoes. Corn spacing is 40 cm, while potatoes are spaced 60 cm apart, with a 30 cm gap between potato and corn rows. The total width of the bed is 200 cm, and the density is approximately 3,333 plants per mu.
In the case of potato-cotton intercropping, it's best to plant potatoes about one month earlier than cotton, ensuring a short coexistence period. A two-by-two arrangement is ideal, with potatoes spaced 60 cm apart and 20 cm within the row. Cotton is planted 40 cm away from the potato rows, with the total bed width being 180 cm. The density for both crops is around 3,700 per mu.
Lastly, during spring cultivation, special attention must be given to water demand conflicts. Potatoes are cold-tolerant and often sown earlier than other crops. However, watering them immediately after emergence can lower soil temperature, negatively affecting the growth of cotton or corn. Therefore, if irrigation is necessary, it should be done between the potato rows to avoid disturbing the other crops.