Phalaenopsis, commonly known as the moth orchid, is a popular and widely cultivated species of orchid native to Taiwan, China. This beautiful orchid belongs to the Orchidaceae family and is a perennial herb with a striking appearance. Its flowers are plump, vibrant, and can bloom for several months, making it a favorite among orchid enthusiasts. The plant has a short, thick stem without pseudobulbs, and its roots are well-developed, often growing up to 50 cm in length. New leaves emerge from the top during the growing season, and the leaves are arranged in two rows, elliptical to oblong in shape, measuring between 10 to 25 cm long. They are fleshy, with a dark green, shiny upper surface and a grayish-green or purplish lower surface. Phalaenopsis comes in a wide variety of colors and patterns, including pure white, purple, red-lipped varieties, yellow backgrounds with red spots or stripes, and more. The inflorescence is axillary, branched, and can bear anywhere from several to over 30 large, showy flowers. The flowers resemble butterflies, adding to the plant’s elegance and charm. Flowering typically occurs from October to June, with individual blooms lasting up to 20 days. After flowering, the plant produces long, oval seed capsules filled with fine, white seeds. It thrives in warm, humid, semi-shaded environments, avoiding direct sunlight, excessive heat, and waterlogging. The ideal temperature range is 22–28°C during the day and 18–20°C at night. Phalaenopsis is one of the most popular tropical orchids worldwide, valued for its large, colorful blooms and long flowering period. It is commonly used for cut flowers and as an ornamental potted plant. When grown in pots, it requires well-draining and well-ventilated substrates, with shallow containers to allow for proper root development. Repotting is usually done in late spring or early summer, and it should be done when temperatures are above 20°C. Watering should be moderate, with light fertilization recommended. With proper care, these plants can live for 5 to 15 years. Native to regions such as India, Myanmar, Malaysia, the Philippines, Australia, and New Guinea, Phalaenopsis was first discovered in 1750. Over 70 native species have been identified, mostly found in wet areas of Asia. However, due to deforestation and over-collection, natural populations have declined significantly. Most commercially available Phalaenopsis today are hybrid varieties bred in cultivation. The famous "Taitung moth orchids" from Taiwan are particularly renowned, but their wild populations are now threatened.

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