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The key technology of breeding goslings management
Brooding goslings, which are young geese within the first four weeks of hatching, are highly vulnerable due to their underdeveloped digestive systems, weak thermoregulation, and low immunity. Without proper care, they are prone to illness and high mortality rates. Effective brooding management is crucial in goose farming to ensure healthy growth and survival. To reduce losses during this critical period, a comprehensive approach to feeding and care must be implemented.
**1. Preparing the Brooding Area**
The brooding house should be fully prepared before the goslings arrive. It must be thoroughly cleaned, cracks sealed, and rat holes blocked. Windows and doors should be cleaned, and walls treated with 20% lime wash. The floor should be disinfected with appropriate agents. All feeding equipment, including waterers and troughs, should be washed and placed inside the house. After closing the doors and windows, the temperature should be raised to above 20°C with humidity maintained at over 75%. A formaldehyde and potassium permanganate fumigation should be conducted for 24 hours. Additionally, the house should be pre-heated 1–2 days before the goslings arrive. For large-scale brooding, heating can be done using flues, hot water, or steam pipes. For flat raising, clean bedding materials should be used, while elevated platforms should be set up with wire mesh or plastic grids, properly disinfected and ready for use.
**2. Selecting Healthy Goslings**
It’s essential to purchase goslings from disease-free sources. Those hatched from unhealthy eggs or with low hatching rates often have higher early mortality. Before purchasing, it's important to verify the health status of the parent geese and the hatchery's management practices. When selecting goslings, look for those with clean feathers, bright eyes, active behavior, and strong reflexes. Avoid weak or lethargic ones, as they may show signs of poor yolk absorption, such as bloated bellies, dry umbilical areas, or delayed movement.
**3. Feeding and Management**
**3.1 Watering**
The first time goslings drink water is called "tidal mouth." This should happen immediately after they arrive, before feeding. Once their fluff dries and they can stand, provide them with warm, clean water. If not given water on time, they may develop dry feet, a common issue. For the first 7 days, offer 3–5% sugar water or dextrose solution. Ensure water depth is around 3 cm and use mats or hangers to prevent water play. From day 8 onward, switch to clean well or tap water.
**3.2 Feeding**
After watering, start with easily digestible food like cooked rice or soaked millet. Gradually introduce full-feed compound feed, formulated with ingredients like cornmeal, soybean meal, rice bran, and vitamins. Feed 6–7 times daily in the first week, reducing frequency as they grow.
**3.3 Introducing Green Feed**
Green fodder, such as chopped grass or leaves, should be introduced 2–3 days after hatching. Start with small amounts and gradually increase to 80–90% by day 21. This helps improve digestion and prevents diarrhea.
**3.4 Temperature Control**
Maintain a brooding temperature of 28–30°C for the first week, decreasing by 1–2°C weekly until reaching room temperature. Observe gosling behavior: if they spread out, pant, or drink more, the temperature may be too high. If they huddle, it may be too cold. Regular monitoring is key.
**3.5 Humidity Management**
Humidity should be kept between 65–70% in the first week, then reduced to 60%. Too much moisture can lead to diseases like coccidiosis, while too little causes dehydration and respiratory issues. Spraying water on walls or using a basin on a stove can help regulate it.
**3.6 Stocking Density**
Density should vary depending on age and housing conditions. For example, 25 goslings per square meter for the first 5 days, decreasing as they grow. Overcrowding leads to poor air quality and uneven growth, while too little density increases costs. Adjust regularly based on gosling behavior.
**3.7 Ventilation**
Proper ventilation is essential to remove harmful gases like ammonia and carbon dioxide. Open windows or use fans, but raise the temperature by 1–2°C before ventilating to avoid chilling the goslings. Always balance airflow with temperature control.
By following these detailed steps, farmers can significantly improve the survival and growth of brooding goslings, ensuring a healthier and more productive flock.