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Putian breeding crab technology
In Putian, raising crabs is not just about providing them with a suitable environment and food; it also benefits the lotus roots. This symbiotic relationship offers multiple advantages. First, crabs help control weeds and pests by feeding on them, reducing the need for manual weeding and chemical pesticides. Second, their movement through the soil helps aerate it, promoting better growth of lotus plants. Third, crab excrement acts as a natural fertilizer, enriching the soil with nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Overall, this system creates a balanced ecosystem between crabs and lotus roots, enhancing productivity and sustainability.
To ensure successful crab farming in paddy fields, several key steps must be followed. First, selecting the right paddy field is crucial. The area should be quiet, well-irrigated, and free from pollution. It should have good drainage, be flat, and have clay soil to retain water and prevent crabs from escaping. Each plot should be around 5 to 10 acres, rich in organic matter, which supports both aquatic plants and algae.
Next, setting up proper facilities is essential. A ditch system, shaped like a "10" or "well," should be dug along the edges of the field. These ditches should be 1 meter deep and 2 meters wide, with the ridge 2 meters away from the main ditch. The excavated soil can be used to raise the field level by 50 to 100 cm, improving water retention. Inlet and outlet pipes should be installed at the bottom of the ditch, with mesh screens to prevent predators and escape. Anti-escape barriers made of plastic film should be placed around the field, secured with wooden posts and nylon ropes to prevent crabs from climbing out.
Before stocking, the paddy must be disinfected using lime to eliminate predators. Aquatic plants such as water grass, duckweed, and floating plants should be planted to provide shelter, food, and oxygen. Snails and earthworms should also be introduced to enhance the ecosystem. Proper fertilization with manure or green manure ensures healthy plant and worm growth.
When stocking crabs, high-quality seedlings from local breeds are preferred. They should be active, uniform in size, and free from disease. Stocking density varies depending on the type of crabs, with larger crabs stocked at lower densities. Water quality management is critical—regular water changes, monitoring oxygen levels, and adjusting depth according to seasons ensure optimal conditions.
Feeding practices should follow the "four set" principle: fresh, varied, nutritious, and timely. Crabs should be fed in the evening, near the water’s edge, using a mix of animal and plant-based feeds. Overfeeding or underfeeding can lead to health issues and aggression among crabs. Regular checks for diseases, predators, and environmental changes are necessary to maintain a healthy farm.
Finally, harvesting crabs involves using their migration habits. Nets placed at the outlets during night drainage can capture most adults. If crabs are too small, they can be left to grow until market prices improve. This integrated approach in Putian maximizes both crab and lotus production while maintaining ecological balance.