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Putian breeding crab technology
In Putian, crab farming is not only about raising crabs but also about creating a balanced ecosystem where both crabs and lotus roots thrive. This symbiotic relationship benefits both species in multiple ways. First, crabs help control weeds and pests by feeding on them, reducing the need for manual weeding and chemical pesticides. Second, their movement through the mud helps aerate the soil, promoting better root development and overall plant growth. Third, crab waste acts as a natural fertilizer, enriching the soil with essential nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Overall, this integrated approach of crab and lotus cultivation maximizes productivity while maintaining environmental health.
To successfully raise crabs in paddy fields, careful planning and preparation are essential. The first step is selecting an appropriate location. Ideal paddy fields should be quiet, well-irrigated, and free from pollution. They should have good drainage, flat terrain, and convenient access for management. Clay soil is preferred because it retains water and prevents crabs from escaping. Each area should be at least 5 to 10 acres, and fields rich in organic matter are especially beneficial for aquatic plants and algae.
Next, setting up proper facilities is crucial. Crab ditches should be dug around the field, forming a "10" or "well" shape. These ditches should be 1 meter deep and 2 meters wide, with the ridge 2 meters away from the ditch. The excavated soil can be used to raise the field level by 50 to 100 cm. Inlet and outlet pipes should be installed to manage water flow, with mesh screens to prevent predators and escape. Anti-escape measures include using double-layer plastic film around the field, supported by wooden posts and secured with nylon rope and wire to prevent crabs from climbing out.
Before stocking, the paddy must be disinfected to eliminate predators. Lime is commonly used for this purpose. Aquatic plants should then be planted to provide shelter, food, and oxygen. A variety of plants like water grass, duckweed, and submerged vegetation should be introduced, ensuring they are spaced appropriately to avoid overcrowding. Snails and earthworms are also added to enhance the ecosystem.
When selecting crab seedlings, quality is key. Healthy, active crabs with uniform size and no signs of disease should be chosen. Stocking density and timing depend on the type of crabs. Early spring, when water temperatures reach 15°C, is ideal for stocking. Crabs should be acclimated with a salt bath before being placed near the ditches.
Feeding and water management are critical. Water levels should be maintained and changed regularly to ensure good water quality. Feeding should follow the “four set†principle—fresh, varied, high-quality, and timely. Crabs should be fed twice daily, preferably in the evening, near designated feeding areas. Regular disinfection and calcium supplementation help maintain health and water balance.
Daily monitoring is essential to detect any issues early. Checks for leaks, damaged gates, and predator threats should be routine. Disease prevention includes using treatments like formalin and oxytetracycline when necessary. Natural predators such as birds and snakes should be controlled through traps and deterrents.
Finally, harvesting crabs involves using their migratory behavior. Nets placed at the outlets during night drainage can capture most of the adult crabs. Those that are too small can be left to grow until the following year for better market value. This comprehensive approach ensures sustainable and profitable crab farming in Putian.