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Relief measures for lodging late in crops
Daejeon crops often experience three types of lodging: stem falling, root lodging, and stem folding. Each condition leads to different levels of yield loss. When the stems are simply tilted, they can often recover on their own once weather conditions improve, resulting in relatively minor losses. However, when the stems fold or break, recovery becomes difficult, and rescue efforts are limited, leading to significant yield reduction. Root lodging, where the roots are lifted from the soil, causes the plant to tilt significantly, sometimes even lying flat on the ground. This reduces sunlight exposure, lowers photosynthesis efficiency, and delays maturity, further impacting yield.
In the later growth stages of maize, root lodging is common due to the weight of the upper part of the plant. It's crucial to lift the plants immediately after a storm, as delaying action increases yield loss. When supporting the plants, the stems should be angled properly—ideally between 30 to 50 degrees—to help them stand upright without causing additional damage. The earlier the intervention, the better. At the same time, proper soil cultivation around the roots is essential for recovery.
For sorghum, root lodging can be addressed by bundling the stalks together. By tying the upper parts of the plants, each stalk can maintain a certain angle, preventing the panicles from overlapping or getting crushed. Care should be taken to avoid damaging the lower functional leaves. This support should be done as soon as possible, ideally within two days of the lodging event, to minimize damage and promote recovery.
In millet, root lodging during the late growth stage can lead to the stems lying on the ground, increasing the risk of root rot and disease spread. A study showed that lifting the plants at a 60-degree angle the day after a storm increased yield by 25 kilograms per mu compared to raising them upright. This method caused fewer wounds, promoted faster regrowth, and resulted in higher yields. For lighter lodging cases, topdressing and soil cultivation can also help reduce yield loss.
By understanding the specific type of lodging and applying appropriate recovery techniques, farmers can significantly mitigate the impact on crop yield and quality. Early and careful intervention plays a key role in ensuring the survival and productivity of the plants.