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The main points of silkworm rearing and management
In the silkworm season, favorable weather conditions and high-quality mulberry leaves contribute to a low incidence of diseases. This is considered the optimal period for raising silkworms throughout the year. However, to ensure a high yield of spring silkworms, it is crucial to maintain proper feeding and management practices.
Before the silkworms are fully disinfected and raised for 5-7 days, it's essential to thoroughly clean and disinfect the entire environment—inside and outside the silkworm house, the bamboo frames, storage pillars, and upper chambers. Use a disinfectant like Disinfection King or a 1% available chlorine bleach solution for effective sterilization.
During each stage of silkworm development, especially after cocoon formation, it's important to disinfect the silkworm bodies using Disinfection King or bleaching powder lime anti-stick powder. After the third instar, add a second round of mulberry leaves, and feed them chrysanthemum stars to prevent and treat bacterial infections. In case of viral disease, sprinkle fresh lime powder 1-2 times daily, and keep the entrance of the silkworm room treated with lime. Always wash your hands and change shoes before feeding or removing waste. Promptly remove any diseased silkworms to avoid cross-infection. Additionally, fumigate with sulfur every 1-2 days, and regularly sterilize the floor of the silkworm room with a 0.3% available chlorine bleach solution. After selling the cocoons, sprinkle a layer of fresh lime powder on the silkworm chamber floor, then spray with Disinfection King or bleaching solution, and proceed with cleaning, washing, or smoking.
Adjusting the climate in the silkworm room is also important. During the spring season, low temperature and humidity can be problematic. Using charcoal fires can help raise the temperature and reduce moisture. If the air becomes too dry after heating, boiling water can be used to increase humidity.
Proper ventilation is necessary to maintain a healthy environment. Regularly open doors and windows to remove stale air and bring in fresh air. Ensure that the temperature remains uniform so that the silkworms grow properly. Small silkworm rooms require gentle airflow, while larger rooms need better ventilation.
Timely sand removal is essential. For the first instar, do not remove sand; during the second and third instars, remove sand after they sleep. When large mulberry leaves are provided, frequent sand removal is needed—three times during the fourth instar and once during the fifth. Before each sand removal, sprinkle lime powder and feed 1-2 leaves until the net is removed. Combine this with adjusting the density of the silkworms to maintain optimal conditions.
Performing timely arrests (removal of frass) is crucial. If done too early, the silkworms may be small and weak, leading to contamination from their excretions. If delayed, issues such as "Double Palace" or "malformation" may occur. Therefore, it's important to arrest at the right time, allowing the silkworms to form proper cocoons, produce more silk, and achieve higher quality. Proper spacing helps avoid problems like "diyanomiya," "deformation," and "pollution." Silkworm cocoons should be harvested and sold 6-7 days after the top cocoons are formed. When the cocoons turn brown, they are ready for picking. It's recommended to separate and sell those with "Double Palace," "Malformation," or "Pollution" defects individually.