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The main points of silkworm rearing and management
In the silkworm season, the climate is favorable, the mulberry leaves are of high quality, and the presence of pathogens is minimal, leading to fewer diseases. This makes it the most ideal time for raising silkworms throughout the year. However, to ensure a high yield of spring silkworms, proper feeding and management remain essential.
Before the silkworms are fully disinfected and raised for 5–7 days, it’s important to thoroughly clean the environment inside and outside the silkworm house, including the bamboo frames, storage posts, and upper chambers. These areas should be sterilized using disinfectant solutions such as Disinfection King or a 1% available chlorine bleach solution.
During each stage of the silkworm’s development, strict disinfection measures must be taken. Silkworms should be treated with Disinfection King or bleaching powder mixed with lime to prevent sticking and infection. After the third instar, additional mulberry leaves should be provided in the form of chrysanthemum stars to help prevent and control bacterial infections. In case of viral disease, fresh lime powder should be sprinkled 1–2 times daily, especially at the entrance of the silkworm room. Always wash hands and change shoes before feeding or removing waste. Infected silkworms must be removed promptly to avoid cross-contamination. Sulfur fumes should be used every 1–2 days for further sterilization, and the floor of the rearing area should be regularly cleaned with a 0.3% available chlorine bleach solution. After selling the cocoons, sprinkle fresh lime powder on the surface of the chamber, spray with Disinfection King or bleach, then clean, wash, or smoke the area thoroughly.
Adjusting the temperature and humidity in the silkworm room is crucial during the spring season. If the temperature is too low and humidity is not sufficient, heating with charcoal fires can help raise the temperature and reduce moisture. If the air becomes too dry after heating, boiling water can be used to increase humidity.
Proper ventilation is also important. Regularly open doors and windows to remove stale air and bring in fresh air. Ensure that the silkworms experience uniform temperatures for optimal growth. Small silkworm rooms require gentle airflow, while larger ones need better ventilation.
Timely sand removal is necessary. For the first instar, no sand removal is needed, but for the second and third instars, sand should be removed after they sleep. When large mulberry leaves are fed, frequent sand removal is required—three times during the fourth instar and once during the fifth. Before each sand removal, sprinkle lime powder and feed 1–2 leaves until the net is removed. Combining this with sand removal helps adjust the density of the silkworms.
Timely and appropriate feeding is critical. Feeding too early may result in small, thin silkworms, while feeding too late can lead to issues like “Double Palace†or “deformation.†Proper timing ensures silkworms produce healthy cocoons, more silk, and higher quality. It also prevents problems like contamination and deformation. The silkworms should be harvested 6–7 days after the top cocoon is formed. When the cocoon turns brown, it is ready for picking. It’s best to separate and sell any “Double Palace,†“Malformed,†or “Polluted†cocoons separately.