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Abstract : Using the principles of water and mineral balance in biochemistry and pediatric body fluids, the potential harm of high osmotic pressure infant formula to infant health is explained. The osmotic pressure of milk, breast milk and infant formula was analyzed, calculated and compared. The reason for the high osmotic pressure of domestic infant milk powder was also analyzed. Finally, the measures to reduce the osmotic pressure of infant milk powder were put forward.
Key words: osmotic pressure; infant formula; measures
Influence of osmotic pressure in baby formula milk powder to the health of infants and resolution of decreasing osmotic pressure Litao
Abstract: Base on biochemistry and principals of water and minerals equilibrium in infant body fluid, the potential hazards to infants from osmotic pressure in baby formula milk powder was introduced. The osmotic pressure of cow milk, human milk and baby formula milk powder was analyzed, The reason of high osmotic pressure in domestic manufactured baby formula milk powder was analyzed as well. The resolution to reduce the osmotic pressure was put forward finally.
Key words: osmotic; infant milk powder;
0 Introduction <br> Osmotic pressure is an important indicator involved in biochemistry. It is closely related to the body's metabolic system and health, especially for small babies. Because in normal human metabolic activities, if the osmotic pressure is unbalanced, the exchange of body fluids will occur, further affecting the body's water balance and acid-base balance (also known as body fluid balance). The infant osmotic pressure is mainly affected by breast milk or infant formula ( P, Na, K, CI plasma constraints in infant liquid milk). If a baby consumes high-permeability baby milk products for a long time, it will not only make the baby grow too fast (due to the retention of water and sodium), but also may cause brain damage and bury hidden dangers when growing up. Therefore, lower infant formula The ash content is one of the most important technical tasks for infant formula manufacturers. At this point, it is hoped that it will lead to the knowledge of science and technology workers, scholars and relevant food quality supervision departments in the dairy industry.
1 P, Na, K, CI [1, 2] content of milk, breast milk and infant formula (0-6 months) are shown in Table 1.
Thus phosphorus in milk: 980 mg / L = 92 mg / dl = 92 / 30.97 (phosphorus molecular weight) = 29.7 mmole / L = 29.7 mEq = 54.1 mosm / L; sodium: 22 × 2 = 44 mosm / L; potassium: 35 × 2 = 70 mosm / L; chlorine: 29 × 2 = 58 mosm / L, total osmotic pressure of milk = 54.1 + 44 + 70 + 58 = 226.1 mosm / L;
Phosphorus in breast milk: 140 mg / L = 14 mg / dl = 14 / 30.97 = 4.52 mmole / L = 9.0 mEq = 0.9 mosm; sodium: 7 × 2 = 14 mosm / L; potassium: 13 × 2 = 26 mosm / L; 11 × 2 = 22 mosm / L, total osmotic pressure of breast milk = 9.0 + 14 + 26 + 22 = 71.0 mos / L;
Phosphorus in infant formula (0-6 months): 500mg/100g (prepared at 14.3% concentration) = 14.3/dl = 71.5/30.97 (71.5mg sodium in 14.3 baby powder) = 23.1mmole/L = 46.2mosm/ L, isotactic sodium: 420.9/22.99 (sodium molecular weight) = 18.7 mmole / L = 37.4 mosm / L; potassium: 1430 / 39.1 (potassium molecular weight) = 36.5 mmole / L = 73.2 mosm / L, chlorine: 1072.5 / 35.45 ( Chlorine molecular weight) = 30.25 mmole / L = 60.51 mosm / L, total osmotic pressure of infant formula = 46.2+37.4 + 73.2+60.51 = 217.3 mosm / L.
From the above calculations and the comparison of the data of infant formula produced by Taiwan's "Weiquan" food company, it can be seen that the osmotic pressure of infant formula produced in China is higher than that of infant formula produced in Taiwan by 217.3/153.4=42%, and the lowest osmotic pressure in the world. Milk powder is nearly 97% higher (217.3/110.5), nearly doubled. The osmotic pressure in breast milk is very close to the osmotic pressure of breast milk provided by Taiwan. The osmotic pressure of breast milk in China is 71 mosm/L (without considering divalent ions), and the osmotic pressure of Taiwan's breast milk is 88.2 mosm/L (whether or not the divalent ions are considered).
2 Reasons for high osmotic pressure of domestic infant formula
1 osmotic pressure as a physiological and biochemical indicator that plays an important role in human health has not caused a heavy awareness of the dairy industry in China. In particular, many technicians engaged in baby food research rarely study osmotic pressure. In this respect, the basic research on baby food in China has not kept up. On the other hand, the professional teachers and students of the food colleges in China have not conducted further research on this part.
2 The current national infant formula standards are lack of rigor. The standard should not only stipulate nutritional indicators, physical and chemical indicators, testing methods, packaging forms, storage conditions, and storage time. Physiological function indicators and safety indicators should also be regulated. As a special food, infant formula is scientific, reasonable and forward-looking to the health of thousands of families and countless children. In the past few years, China's infant formula standards setters are too small, lack transparency, lack scientific basis, and cannot use modern network technology to solicit opinions from all quarters. These should be improved and improved in the future.
3 Most infant formula manufacturers do not understand the dangers that osmotic pressure can bring to infants' health. Therefore, the monovalent anion and cations of the raw materials used are not tested, especially in order to reduce the production cost of enterprises, and do not use low ash (high salt rejection). ) The whey powder, when some minerals in the raw milk exceed the standard, continue to be used as a qualified raw material. The test items have not kept up.
3 measures to reduce the osmotic pressure of infant formula
1 As soon as possible, the National Dairy Engineering Center will hold an academic seminar on the analysis of infant milk powder quality and osmotic pressure to raise awareness among scholars and researchers in the domestic dairy industry. And drafted a draft opinion on measures to reduce the osmotic pressure of infant milk powder.
2 After the adoption of the draft opinion, a short-term training course on the quality and osmotic pressure analysis of infant milk powder will be held in batches. To improve the knowledge and understanding and understanding of business leaders and technicians.
3 The osmotic pressure instrument is ordered by the National Dairy Research Department to conduct osmotic pressure measurements on infant milk powder on a regular or irregular basis, and to lay the foundation for future research on low osmotic pressure dairy products and functional dairy products (low sodium dairy products).
Reference material
[1]. Human Nutrition [M]. Beijing: People's Medical Publishing House, 2000.246-247.
[2]. Biochemistry [M]. Beijing: Chemical Industry Press, 2001.131-132.
[3] Pediatric Body Fluids [M]. Beijing: People's Medical Publishing House, 1999.87-93.
[4 Li Tao, Sha Wei. Calculation and Application of Lactoferrin and Lysozyme in Infant Formula Milk Powder[J]. China Dairy Industry, 2004, 32(4): 39-40.
Effect of high osmotic pressure infant formula on infant health and measures to reduce osmotic pressure
High osmotic pressure infant formula
Effects of infant health and measures to reduce osmotic pressure
Li Tao
(Heilongjiang Dairy Industry Technology Development Center, Harbin 150086, China)
1 Comparison of osmotic pressure between milk, breast milk and infant formula:
2 unit conversion (unit of measurement uniform) osmotic osmole (osm) osmotic pressure milligram molecular millismole (mosm) is used to measure the number of particles of special liquids. The gram equivalent (Eq) and milliequivalent (mEq) are units that measure the ability of one substance to bind to another. One milliequivalent is approximately equivalent to one osmolality of milligrams. The experimental formula of low kidney load dirty is: mosm/L=(mmole/L)/2,