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Peanut mulching in spring
Film-covered cultivation technology has been widely applied in peanut farming to enhance soil temperature, protect seedlings, conserve moisture and nutrients, ultimately boosting yield and farmer income. However, several key considerations must be taken into account when implementing this technique.
Planting typically occurs between March and May, with planting density determined by the variety and soil fertility. Common spacing is 20 cm x 26 cm or 23 cm x 26 cm, with two seeds per hole. The number of holes per acre usually ranges from 9,500 to 10,000. Immediately after planting, the plastic film should be laid over the rows. A white film with a thickness of 0.015–0.018 mm is ideal, as it allows for easier cutting and better heat retention. If the film is thicker than 0.02 mm, it may hinder the fruiting pegs from penetrating the soil. For cost efficiency, a disposable transparent ultra-thin film can also be used. It's essential that the film tightly adheres to the ground without any gaps to maximize its benefits.
In film-covered cultivation, no tilling or top-dressing is required. The increased ground temperature enhances microbial activity, accelerating the decomposition of organic matter. Therefore, it's recommended to apply more organic fertilizer—about 1,000–1,500 kg of fresh farm manure combined with 50 kg of high-concentration compound fertilizer per acre.
Pre-emergence weeding can be done using herbicides such as 50% butachlor (100–150 ml per mu) or 50% acetochlor (same dosage), or 72% paraquat at 100 ml per mu. If weeds have already emerged, mix in appropriate herbicides like glyphosate, Roundup, or Graminex. However, excessive herbicide use can cause leaf curling, yellowing, weak roots, and poor nodulation, which can severely affect plant growth.
After covering the film, if rain occurs, irrigation should be carefully managed. Dry soil during sowing can lead to slow emergence, uneven growth, and sparse seedlings. On the other hand, overly wet soil can reduce aeration and cause seed rot. Ideal soil moisture is when the soil sticks slightly to your hand but easily loosens. During cloudy periods, drainage must be ensured to prevent root rot and disease spread. In dry conditions, furrow irrigation is the best option.
Peanut plants grown under film tend to grow faster and may become prone to lodging later on, which can impact yield. To control this, pinch back the main stems of peanut varieties 12–13 times within 20–25 days after flowering. You can use 800 ppm of a growth regulator or 15% paclobutrazol at 50 grams per acre, mixed with 50 kg of water for spraying.
Using film-mulching, peanuts can be harvested 7–10 days earlier than conventional methods. Delayed harvesting may result in fruit drop or germination in the soil, reducing yield. Harvest when the lower leaves fall off and the upper leaves turn yellow. After harvest, the plastic film should be properly recycled to avoid affecting future crops and environmental pollution.