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Peanut mulching in spring
The use of film-covered cultivation technology in peanut farming can significantly improve soil temperature, protect seedlings, retain moisture and nutrients, ultimately leading to higher yields and greater income. However, there are several key considerations when implementing this technique.
Planting typically occurs between March and May. The planting density should be adjusted based on the variety and soil fertility. Common spacing options include 20 cm x 26 cm or 23 cm x 26 cm, with two seeds per hole. An acre usually contains around 9,500 to 10,000 holes.
After planting, it's important to cover the rows with plastic film. A white film with a thickness of 0.015–0.018 mm is recommended for ease of cutting and effective warming. Films thicker than 0.02 mm may prevent the fruiting pegs from penetrating the soil. To reduce costs, a disposable transparent ultra-thin film can also be used. When applying the film, ensure it is tightly sealed against the ground with no gaps.
This method does not involve traditional tilling or top-dressing. Instead, it enhances soil temperature, stimulates microbial activity, and accelerates the decomposition of organic matter. As a result, the application of organic fertilizer should be increased. A typical mix might include 1,000–1,500 kg of fresh manure combined with 50 kg of high-concentration compound fertilizer.
Pre-emergence weed control can be done using 50% butachlor or 50% acetochlor at 100–150 ml per mu, or 72% dimethenamid at 100 ml per mu. If weeds have already emerged, herbicides like glyphosate, Roundup, or Graminex can be added. However, excessive herbicide use may cause leaf curling, yellowing, weak roots, and reduced nodulation, which negatively impacts plant growth.
After covering the field with plastic, it's essential to monitor soil moisture. If rain occurs, water may not penetrate the soil, so additional irrigation might be needed. If the soil is too dry during sowing, emergence will be slow and uneven. Conversely, overly wet conditions can reduce soil aeration, causing poor root respiration and seed rot. Ideal soil moisture allows the soil to stick to your hand but easily crumble when released. During cloudy periods, drainage must be ensured to avoid root rot and disease spread. In dry conditions, furrow irrigation is recommended.
Peanut plants grown under film often grow faster and may become prone to lodging later, affecting yield. To manage this, the main stems of peanut varieties should be pinched back 12–13 times within 20–25 days after flowering. You can use 800 ppm of a growth regulator, or 15% paclobutrazol at 50 grams per acre mixed with 50 kg of water for spraying.
Using film-mulching, peanuts can be harvested 7–10 days earlier than conventional methods. Delayed harvesting may lead to fruit drop or germination in the soil, reducing yield. Harvest when the lower leaves fall off and the upper leaves turn yellow. After harvest, the plastic film should be collected and recycled to avoid affecting future crops and to minimize environmental impact.