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Nanguo pear tree autumn and winter management
In the first step, tree management involves pruning upright new shoots to make them grow horizontally, flattening auxiliary and lateral branches. This helps in shaping the tree structure and improving light penetration. Thinning the canopy is essential to remove crowded, vertical, overlapping, and competing branches, as well as any unnecessary growth around the cutting area. For young orchards, where new shoots grow rapidly, it's important to control their vigorous growth through branch spreading and topping to prevent excessive elongation during winter.
Secondly, proper fertilization in autumn and winter is crucial for the second growth peak and is the best time for applying base fertilizer. Base fertilizer should be applied after mid-season varieties are harvested and before late-season ones. Typically, for every 100 kg of fruit produced, you need about 0.8–2 kg of nitrogen, 0.26–1.4 kg of phosphorus, and 0.8–1.9 kg of potassium. During the fruiting period, chemical fertilizers should be combined with 2000–3000 kg of high-quality farmyard manure per acre. Autumn and winter fertilization should account for 60–70% of the total annual nutrients. It's recommended to use all organic fertilizers, one-third of available nitrogen, and full doses of phosphate and potash. Combining fertilization with irrigation helps decompose the nutrients more effectively, making them easier for the roots to absorb.
Third, pest and disease control is vital during this time. Common issues include the second generation of peach borer and red spider mites. Peach borers can be managed using diflubenzuron or polyester, while red spider mites can be treated with a mix of dichlorvos and dimethoate, dipterone, or imidacloprid. After harvest, protecting the leaves by applying foliar fertilizers and fungicides like potassium dihydrogen phosphate, too-fluid, thiophanate-methyl, and chlorothalonil can help maintain tree health.
Finally, water management is essential in autumn and winter, especially in dry or low-rain years. After fertilizing, it's important to water immediately. Before the first frost, the entire orchard should be flooded once to saturate the soil to a depth of 20–30 cm. This practice supports better flowering and growth in the following spring.