Thermoplastic starch is also called "non-structured starch", which can make the starch structure disordered and thermoplastic by certain methods. Starch molecules for polysaccharides molecular structure, containing a large number of hydroxyl, due to its intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bond action, so that its melting temperature is higher, and its decomposition temperature is lower than its melting temperature, so in the heat processing, starch molecules did not melt and first decomposed. The traditional mechanical processing method of plastic is mostly heat processing, so to make starch - based whole starch plastic needs to make natural starch thermoplastic. This thermoplasticity can be achieved by changing the crystalline structure inside starch molecules. Destroy intramolecular and intermolecular hydrogen bonds, disrupt the double helix crystal structure of starch molecules, which will reduce the melting temperature of starch and make it thermoplastic. Starch-Based Plastics,Cellulose-Based Plastics,Protein-Based Plastics,Some Aliphatic Polyesters Xingbang High Molecular Materials Co., Ltd. , https://www.chemicaladditive.com
Effects of N,P and K Elements and Microelements on Teak and Result
Nitrogen plays a crucial role in the growth and productivity of pomelo trees. When nitrogen is adequately supplied, the tree exhibits vigorous growth, with lush, dark green foliage, strong shoots, and high yields. However, a deficiency in nitrogen can lead to weak growth, yellowing leaves, thin branches, and poor fruit quality. On the other hand, an excess of nitrogen may result in excessive vegetative growth, making it difficult for the tree to form flower buds. This leads to reduced flowering, lower fruit yield, and fruits with a bland taste and delayed ripening.
Phosphorus is essential for root development and overall plant resilience. It enhances the tree’s ability to absorb water and nutrients, improves cold and drought resistance, and supports the formation of flower buds, which ultimately boosts fruit quality and yield. A lack of phosphorus can cause stunted growth, fewer new shoots, and reduced fruit quality, along with thicker fruit peels. Too much phosphorus, however, can interfere with nitrogen uptake and reduce the availability of trace elements, leading to poor growth and smaller, lower-quality fruits.
Potassium is vital for the pomelo tree's overall health. It helps in the synthesis and transport of carbohydrates, strengthens branch growth, and improves the tree’s resistance to cold, drought, and pests. Potassium also enhances fruit quality and storage stability. Deficiency in potassium can result in poor fruit quality, cracking, and weakened branches. In severe cases, it can cause shoot dieback and reduced resistance. Overuse of potassium, on the other hand, may lead to calcium and iron deficiencies, negatively affecting both yield and fruit quality.
Calcium is important for cell wall structure and nutrient absorption. It promotes the formation of carbohydrates and proteins and increases the tree’s resistance to environmental stress. A lack of calcium can result in smaller leaves, and severe deficiency may cause shoot death or flower shrinkage, reducing fruit storage life. Excessive calcium can lead to iron and boron deficiencies, causing yellowing, mottling, and skin issues on the fruit.
Magnesium is a key component of chlorophyll and is necessary for photosynthesis. Adequate magnesium supports healthy growth and fruit development. A deficiency can cause older leaves to turn yellow (chlorosis), leading to premature leaf drop and lower fruit quality. Sandy and acidic soils are prone to magnesium loss, and excessive phosphorus or potassium can also contribute to deficiency. To prevent this, farmers should increase the use of organic fertilizers.
Sulfur is essential for protein synthesis and is part of certain amino acids. A sulfur deficiency can cause pale leaves and hinder protein formation. To address this, applying a copper-ammonium mixture in early spring can help replenish sulfur and copper levels in the soil.
In pomelo cultivation, maintaining the right balance of macronutrients and micronutrients is essential. Both deficiency and excess can disrupt the tree’s growth, leading to either weak vigor or excessive vegetative growth. Only when nutrients are kept within optimal ranges can the tree achieve balanced growth, high yield, and superior fruit quality. Proper nutrient management ensures long-term productivity and sustainability in pomelo farming.