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Mud culture technology for cages
The cage culture of mud loach offers several advantages, including simple equipment, high productivity, easy management, convenient harvesting, and significant economic returns. As a practical aquaculture technique, it is highly recommended for promotion. Below are the key techniques involved in cage farming of mud loach:
First, site selection plays a crucial role. The breeding area should be located in sunny lakes, shallow reservoirs, or well-maintained ponds with clean water and no industrial contamination. These environments ensure optimal conditions for the growth and health of the fish.
Second, cage setup is essential. Cages can vary in size, typically ranging from 1-2 square meters to 20-40 square meters, with an average size of 10-20 square meters. They are usually made of polyethylene woven mesh with a mesh size of 0.5-1 cm, depending on the water body. It's important that the top of the cage extends at least 40 cm above the water surface to prevent the mud loach from escaping. The bottom of the cage is covered with a 20 cm layer of manure and mud, followed by a layer of soil on top.
Third, stocking density should be determined based on the water quality and nutrient levels. In well-fertilized waters, more fish can be stocked, while in less productive areas, fewer are needed. A general recommendation is to stock 900 to 1200 fingerlings (5-6 cm in length) per square meter.
Fourth, feeding and management are critical. Mud loach in cages are primarily fed artificially. A food platform measuring 2 square meters should be placed inside the cage, positioned 20-25 cm above the bottom. Feeding should take place on this platform. Artificial feeds such as bran-based pellets, silkworm pupae, or commercial hard feed can be used. At least 50% of the protein in the feed should come from animal sources. The daily feeding amount is 3%-5% of the fish’s body weight, divided into three meals—morning, afternoon, and night.
Fifth, daily maintenance is necessary. Regular cleaning of the nets ensures good water circulation and allows sufficient natural food organisms to enter the cage. Inspections should be conducted frequently to check for any damage, and repairs should be made immediately. Additionally, it's vital to protect the fish from pollution caused by pesticides, fertilizers, and invasive species.
Sixth, disease prevention is a key aspect of successful mud loach farming. Maintaining good hygiene and following proper feeding practices are essential. When feeding, the principle of "Four Sets" should be applied—consistency, timing, quantity, and quality. Any leftover bait should be removed promptly. To prevent diseases, quicklime or bleach can be sprinkled regularly. The bleach bag method involves wrapping a small amount of bleaching powder in two layers of gauze and placing it around the food table. Using one to two bags effectively helps control disease outbreaks.
By following these techniques, farmers can achieve better yields and maintain healthy fish populations, making cage culture of mud loach a sustainable and profitable option.