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Mud culture technology for cages
Cage culture of mud loach is a highly efficient and practical aquaculture method that offers numerous benefits, including low equipment costs, high production yields, ease of management, and excellent economic returns. This technique is well-suited for small-scale farmers and should be widely promoted. Below are the key techniques for successful cage farming of mud loach:
First, site selection is crucial. Choose a location in a sunny lake, shallow reservoir, or flowing pond with clean water and no industrial contamination. The water quality must be good to ensure healthy growth of the fish.
Second, setting up the cages. The size of the cages can vary depending on the water body, typically ranging from 1–2 m² to 20–40 m², with an average size of 10–20 m². The cages are usually made of polyethylene mesh with a 0.5–1 cm mesh size. The top part of the cage should extend at least 40 cm above the water surface to prevent the mud loach from escaping. A 20 cm layer of manure and mud is placed at the bottom, followed by a thin layer of mud on top.
Third, stocking density. The number of fish per cage depends on the water conditions. If the water is rich in nutrients, you can stock more; otherwise, reduce the number. A common stocking rate is 900–1200 fingerlings (5–6 cm) per square meter.
Fourth, feeding and management. Mud loach in cages are primarily fed artificially. A 2 m² feeding platform should be installed inside the cage, positioned 20–25 cm above the bottom. Feed should be placed directly on the platform. Artificial feed can include mixtures of bran, silkworm pupae, or commercial pellets. Animal-based feed should make up over 50% of the diet. The daily feeding amount is 3–5% of the fish’s body weight, divided into three meals—early, mid, and late at night.
Fifth, daily management. Regularly clean the nets to maintain water flow and allow natural food organisms to enter the cage. Inspect the nets frequently and repair any holes immediately. Also, monitor for pollution from pesticides or fertilizers and watch out for potential predators or invasive species.
Sixth, disease prevention. Maintaining good hygiene is essential. Follow the "Four Sets" principle when feeding—cleaning up leftover bait promptly. Sprinkle quicklime or hang bleach bags around the feeding area regularly. To prepare the bleach bag, wrap calcium hypochlorite powder in two layers of gauze and place it near the feeding platform. Using 2–3 such bags can effectively prevent disease outbreaks.
By following these practices, farmers can significantly improve the success rate of their mud loach cage culture and enjoy sustainable, profitable results.