Greenhouse soil disinfection

In recent years, crops with important economic value, such as fruits, vegetables, and flowers, have been rapidly expanded. The production area of ​​protected areas has been continuously increasing. High-density cultivation of facility agriculture and planting of one crop year after year on the same land are conducive to soil conservation. Accumulation, growth and reproduction of pathogenic bacteria. If these kinds of diseases are not controlled in time, they will result in severe reductions in production or product quality, and even lead to an unrequited harvest. Soil disinfection is one of the important measures for controlling soil-borne diseases and has become an urgent requirement for the majority of farmers. Commonly used measures include rational rotation, application of organic fertilizers, soil remediation, and pharmaceutical disinfection.
First, a rational crop rotation can reasonably use soil nutrients and moisture, improve soil structure, and fertility. At the same time, due to different host plants in the rotation, the environmental conditions in which the diseases and insects depended on were greatly changed, which greatly reduced the occurrence of pests and diseases. It can also eliminate the phenomenon of crop poisoning caused by the accumulation of toxic substances secreted by crops caused by continuous cropping.
Second, increase the application of organic fertilizer Organic fertilizer has the special effect of increasing soil organic matter, improving soil structure and ploughability, enhancing soil water conservation, fertility conservation, increasing soil temperature, and promoting microbial activity. The addition of organic fertilizer can also dilute the pests in the soil, reducing the occurrence of pests and diseases.
Third, the transformation of soil will be fertile maturation of non-toxic soil into the field or seedbed, reducing the concentration of pests and diseases to change the environment to reduce pest damage.
Fourth, the soil temperature sterilization
1. Solar energy disinfection After harvesting of greenhouse crops, remove the old strains from the field, apply organic fertilizers, and then smooth the ground. In July and August, when the temperature reaches 35°C or more, cover it with a transparent heat-absorbing film. The soil temperature can be raised to 50-60 °C, sealed 15-20 days, can kill a variety of bacteria in the soil.
Small area plots can be prepared on a clean concrete ground on a clean concrete floor, wood or iron, thin and flat, exposure 3-15 days, you can kill a large number of pathogenic spores, mycelium and pest eggs , pests, nematodes.
2. The steam thermal disinfection is heated by a steam boiler, and the steam heat is turned off through the conduit to the soil to increase the temperature of the soil and kill pathogens so as to achieve the purpose of controlling soil-borne diseases. This disinfection method requires more complicated equipment and is only suitable for small-scale application of crops with higher economic value on a seedbed.
(1) Pot steam sterilization method; put the nutrient soil into the steamer and heat it to 60-100 °C for 30-60 minutes (The heating time should not be too long, so as not to kill the beneficial microorganisms that can decompose the fertilizer and affect the normal growth and development of the flowers. ).
(2) disinfection cabinet disinfection method; first a large gasoline tank or box, etc. with a lid into the steam disinfection cabinet, and then from the wall into the tube, and steam furnace (heating boiler, etc.) connected. Put the culture soil into the cabinet (barrel), open the valve of the air inlet pipe, let the steam enter the gap of the soil layer, and be careful not to seal it too tightly to prevent explosion. After 30 minutes, most bacteria, fungi, nematodes, and insects can be killed and most of the weed seeds are inactivated.
3, boiled to disinfect the culture soil into the pot, add boiling water for 30-60 minutes, and then filtered water to dry to moderate humidity can be. This method is only suitable for small-scale application of crops with higher economic value on seedbeds.
4, fire disinfection
(1) Frying-burning method; a small amount of soil for protection seedling bed or pot insertion, pot insertion, can be placed in a wok or iron plate plus fire burning, until the soil particles dry and then burn 0.5-2 hours, can be soil The pests were completely destroyed. The advantage of this method is also that it can burn ash into the organic matter in the soil and make the cutting or seeding matrix more pure, thus preventing the seedlings or cuttings from becoming moldy and rot.
(2) Combustion method; In the open bed, the dry firewood is tiled on the field and ignited. This will not only destroy germs, pests and eggs in the topsoil, but also increase part of potash fertilizer after plowing.
Fifth, drug treatment
1. Spraying or watering The agent is diluted with water to a certain concentration, sprayed on the surface of the soil with a sprayer, or directly poured into the soil, so that the liquid penetrates into the deep soil and kills the bacteria in the soil. Spraying the soil to treat the soil is suitable for Daejeon, nursery soil, and turf rejuvenation. The application of watering method is suitable for the irrigation of fruit trees, melons and solanaceous fruits and disinfection of various crop seedbeds, and prevention and treatment of disease at the seedling stage. The effect is remarkable.
Formaldehyde (formalin) disinfection
(1) Use 50ml formaldehyde per 1 square meter of land, water 6-12L or 40% formaldehyde 40ml per 0.1 square meter of land, and water 1-3L. 10-12 days before sowing, spray on the sowing ground with a fine-eye sprinkler or sprayer, cover it with a thin film, do not allow ventilation, and then open it a week before sowing to make the liquid volatile.
(2) Every 1 square meter of culture soil is uniformly sprinkled with a diluted solution of 40% formaldehyde 400-500ml diluted with water 50 times, and then the soil is piled up, covered with plastic film, sealed 24-48 hours, remove the covering, booth Open soil, after the formaldehyde gas has completely evaporated.
(3) Spray bed soil with 0.5% formaldehyde, mix and pile up, seal with a film for 5 to 7 days, and then remove the film to make the medicine taste volatile.
(4) The matrix of sand and gravel can be directly soaked in 50-100 times formaldehyde solution for 2-4 hours, and the liquid solution can be washed with water after 2-3 times.
The daisammonium disinfecting method is an organic sulphur fungicide, which has strong bactericidal power and can penetrate into plants. After decomposed by plants, it still has a certain fertilizer effect. With a 50% solution of 350 ml of dexamethasone, 3 kg of the diluted solution was poured into a 1 m2 nursery. This method can prevent flower black spot, downy mildew, powdery mildew, blight, and can effectively prevent various diseases of bulbous bulbs.
Bordeaux liquid disinfection method for each 1 square meter nursery with Bordeaux mixture (copper sulfate; lime; water ratio of 1; 1; 100) 2.5kg, plus scattered scattered 10g spray soil, until the soil can be slightly dry. This method is effective for controlling black spot, gray mold, rust, brown spot, and anthrax.
2. Toxic soil method is to mix the medicine with poisonous soil and then apply it. Toxic soil is prepared by mixing the pesticide (emulsion, wettable powder) and fine soil with a certain humidity in proportion. The application methods of toxic soils include furrow application, hole application and application.
3. The fumigation method uses a soil injector or a soil sterilizer to inject the fumigant into the soil, covering the surface of the soil with a film, etc., and spreading the toxic gas of the fumigant in the soil in a closed or semi-enclosed facility to kill pathogens. . After the soil is fumigated, the seeds can only be sown after the pesticide is fully distributed. Otherwise, it is easy to produce phytotoxicity. Commonly used soil fumigation disinfectants include methyl bromide and formaldehyde. This method is applied to the cultivation of strawberries, watermelons, and vegetables in facility agriculture, seedbeds for seedlings, lawn planting for green space, and the like. For example, use 15% of 45% chlorothalonil smoke agent per 1 square meter of land for 5 hours.
Precautions. When the soil is disinfected, safety must be observed. Before use, master the methods of use. Operators must undergo technical training. Can not be sterilized in a confined greenhouse. It is forbidden to engage in agricultural farming during ventilation. The disinfected land must be clearly marked.
Applicable dosage per square meter Field application method Sulphur powder 25-30g Greenhouse field Farmland after field cultivation Sulphur powder 80-90g Mixture of seedbed and culture soil Lime powder 30-40g Greenhouse field Acid soil Soil application after spreading lime 90-120g seedbed and culture soil mix 50% carbendazim powder 40g seedbed mixed with culture soil after coating 2-3 days 65% zeson zinc powder 60g seedbed mixed with culture soil after coating 2-3 days 30 % Suhua 911 powder 2g Greenhouse Daejeon mixed with fine sand Applying sowing ditch 4-6g Greenhouse Daejeon mixed with fine sand Applying sowing ditch 70% DK pine powder 20g Seed bed 2%-3 after spreading % of ferrous sulphate 100-200g Greenhouse field rainy day applicator 25% metalaxyl WP 9g seedbed 1/3 sowing is sprinkle, 2/3 cover on seed 50% phoxim 0.1kg seedbed plus mash 10kg Mixing applicator

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