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Wenshan Prefecture: Persimmon High-yield Cultivation Management Technology
The "Japan Sweet Persimmon" High-Yield Demonstration Garden in Shalaoizhai, Pingba Town, Wenshan County, was established at the end of 2003. This project, funded by the Provincial Department of Finance, aimed to promote new agricultural technologies and varieties to increase both production and farmers' income. The demonstration garden was a part of the "Name, Special, and Excellent" product development initiative led by the Wenshan Prefecture Agricultural Technology Promotion Center.
Under this model, the technical department provides local farmers with high-quality sweet persimmon seedlings and cultivation techniques, while farmers are responsible for managing the planting area, fertilization, and other production costs. All revenue generated from the garden is retained by the farmers. The garden covers over 200 acres, with approximately 22,000 seedlings planted, mainly of the Jiro and Japanese sweet persimmon varieties. Each acre contains about 111 trees, including 3–5 pollination trees, and the planting was completed on November 13–14, 2003. The survival rate of the plants reached an impressive 95%.
Now in its fourth year, the garden has seen strong growth, with many trees beginning to bear fruit. The fruits are of high quality and well-received by local farmers. However, achieving consistent high yields and quality requires careful management of water, tree pruning, and nutrient supply.
To ensure optimal growth, scientific fertilization is essential. Sweet persimmon trees grow more slowly than peaches or pears, especially in their first year. In addition to base fertilizer at planting, regular topdressing should be applied. After sprouting, every 10 days, a light application of human manure or 0.5–1 kg of urea per 50 kg of water is recommended. Sweet persimmons typically bloom in early May and mature between late September and November. Since the fruit remains on the tree for a long time, it’s important to replenish nutrients after harvest to support the next season's growth.
Fertilization should be divided into three key periods: (1) during new shoot elongation and fruit development, (2) after physiological fruit drop, focusing on potassium, and (3) post-harvest to restore tree vigor. Organic and balanced fertilizers should be used, avoiding excessive nitrogen. Soil improvement is also crucial—persimmons prefer deep, well-drained soil. If the soil is poor, organic matter like compost or bark can be added to improve texture and moisture retention.
Pruning and fruit thinning are equally important. Over-cropping can lead to smaller fruits and reduced quality, so timely thinning is necessary. Buds should be removed to encourage better fruit set, and excess fruits should be pruned to maintain a healthy balance. Proper pruning improves air circulation and sunlight penetration, which helps prevent disease and promotes even fruit development.
Insect and disease control is another critical aspect. Common pests include mealybugs and tussock moths, while diseases like anthracnose and powdery mildew can significantly impact yield. Regular monitoring and targeted treatments are essential. For example, anthracnose can be managed by removing infected branches, and powdery mildew can be controlled with fungicides like lime sulfur or fenpropidin.
Finally, managing late fruit drop and fruit cracking is vital. Late fruit drop is often linked to variety characteristics and drought stress, so ensuring adequate irrigation is key. Fruit cracking, especially in Jiro varieties, can be minimized by proper watering and applying protective sprays.
Overall, the success of the Japan Sweet Persimmon Demonstration Garden depends on a combination of good practices, careful planning, and ongoing management. By following these guidelines, farmers can achieve higher yields, better quality, and greater profitability.