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How BioActio pontecialize nutrition in aquaculture?
In animal husbandry, particularly in aquaculture, effective food management plays a pivotal role in ensuring business success. Just as in livestock farming, proper dietary planning in aquaculture is crucial for optimizing growth and reproduction. Achieving this balance involves extensive research into the nutritional requirements of aquatic organisms.
Optimizing the ingredients used in fish feed not only enhances farming efficiency but also improves the health of the animals. By minimizing the release of pollutants into the aquatic environment, the overall water quality of breeding facilities can be maintained. Conversely, poorly formulated diets can lead to a range of issues, including reduced animal performance, higher feed costs, longer rearing periods, diminished profitability, and degraded water quality.
Fishmeal is a staple ingredient in aquaculture diets, derived from fish, bones, and processed offal. Although it remains a primary component in feed formulations, it presents challenges due to variability in composition and high mineral content, which can negatively impact water quality. Vegetable proteins like soybean meal and corn offer viable alternatives, though they may contain anti-nutritional factors, lower amino acid digestibility, and limited phosphorus availability.
Among the nutrients provided in fish feed, protein is paramount. Proteins are large molecules composed of amino acids linked by peptide bonds, and their biological value depends on the sequence of amino acids and the presence of essential amino acids. High-quality proteins enhance growth performance, directly correlating with the quality of the protein source and its digestible essential amino acid profile.
Nutrient digestibility is measured by the percentage of ingested nutrients absorbed by the animal. The digestible protein content is calculated by subtracting undigested protein from total intake, with the remainder eliminated as feces. Nutrient digestion begins immediately upon consumption, involving both mechanical chewing and enzymatic processes in the stomach and intestines.
Enzymatic hydrolysis is a key process in improving nutrient digestibility. This method breaks down complex nutrient chains into simpler compounds, such as peptides and amino acids, making them more readily absorbable. Enzymatic hydrolysis offers the advantage of preserving amino acid integrity due to its lower denaturation rate compared to chemical or thermal methods.
To evaluate these findings, our study on "The Use of Enzymatic Hydrolysate Ingredients for Animal Nutrition" was presented at ILDEX Vietnam. This study compared three protein sources—intact fish meal (IFM), chemically denatured fish meal (DFM), and enzymatically hydrolyzed fish meal (HFM)—in the context of larval lobster performance. Results indicated superior survival rates, faster weight gain, higher final weights, and better batch consistency with HFM.
Hydrolyzed chicken protein, another enzymatically treated input, shows promising results in feed formulations. Derived from poultry meat, liver, and viscera, it is processed under low-temperature conditions to preserve nutritional integrity. Market offerings boast impressive figures, such as maximum moisture at 8%, total fat at 6%, mineral matter at 6%, crude protein at 75%, and digestibility exceeding 90%.
A collaborative study by BRF Ingredients and the State University of the West of Paraná demonstrated that Nile tilapia fed hydrolyzed chicken protein exhibited increased palatability compared to those consuming fishmeal. Parameters assessed included feed consumption, rejection rates, and feeding latency. Additionally, survival rates and final fish weight improved significantly.
Water quality in aquaculture is heavily influenced by diet formulation. Excess feed contributes to environmental pollution, while well-processed pellets or extruded feeds minimize waste. Balanced diets with appropriate protein-to-energy ratios reduce nitrogen pollution, and using high-digestibility proteins with low phosphorus content further mitigates environmental impact.
In conclusion, ongoing research in animal nutrition highlights the benefits of enzymatic hydrolysis in enhancing feed efficiency. By improving digestibility, this process provides a sustainable alternative to traditional fishmeal, contributing to better animal performance and healthier aquatic ecosystems.