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Fertilization techniques for root and stem vegetables
For root and tuber vegetables, the application of organic fertilizer is often insufficient, with partial or excessive use of nitrogen fertilizer and neglect of potassium fertilizer being common issues. To address these problems, it's essential to prioritize organic fertilizer while combining it with chemical fertilizers for phosphorus, potassium, and nitrogen. Emphasis should be placed on potassium application during the mid to late growth stages. Following the principle of “one control, two promotions, three guarantees, and four taboos,†fertilization should be divided into several stages.
One control refers to limiting fertilizer application during flowering to prevent flower drop, leaf fall, and fruit loss. The second is timely fertilization during the young fruit and harvesting periods to promote rapid fruit expansion. Three guarantees mean ensuring proper nutrient supply, preventing leggy growth, and avoiding fertilizer burn. Four taboos involve avoiding high-concentration fertilizers, top-dressing wet soil, applying fertilizer during high temperatures, and over-concentrating nutrients.
Organic fertilizer application should be around 3,000 kg per acre. For NPK fertilizers, when the yield is below 2,000 kg per acre, apply 10 kg of nitrogen, 7 kg of phosphorus, and 10 kg of potassium per mu. When the yield is between 2,000–2,500 kg per acre, use 9 kg of nitrogen, 6.5 kg of phosphorus, and 9 kg of potassium per mu. If the yield exceeds 2,500 kg per acre, apply 8 kg of nitrogen, 6 kg of phosphorus, and 8 kg of potassium per mu.
Fertilization methods include base fertilizer, typically applied before transplanting, using high-quality compost or 3,000 tons of pig manure per acre. Additionally, 100% of the phosphate fertilizer and 30% of nitrogen and potassium should be deeply incorporated as a base fertilizer. Seedling fertilizer is generally 50% of the total nitrogen and potassium, applied in stages every 10 days to support stem and leaf growth and increase photosynthetic area. The hair fertilizer is usually 30% of the total nitrogen and potassium, helping tubers grow larger and increasing yield. For crops like melons, eggplants, fruits, and beans, spraying a 0.2% solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2–3 times during the mid to late growth stages can significantly improve quality and yield.