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Fertilization techniques for root and stem vegetables
For root and stem vegetables, the application of organic fertilizer is often insufficient, with partial or excessive use of nitrogen fertilizer and neglect of potassium fertilizer being common issues. To address these problems, it's essential to prioritize organic fertilizer while combining it with chemical fertilizers containing phosphorus and potassium. The three main nutrients—nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium—should be used in a balanced manner, with special attention given to potassium application during the mid to late growth stages.
Following the principle of “one control, two promotions, three guarantees, and four taboos,†fertilization should be divided into several key stages. One control means limiting fertilizer application during flowering to prevent flower drop, leaf fall, and fruit loss. The second step is timely fertilization during the young fruit and harvesting periods to promote fruit expansion. Three guarantees ensure that plants are not leggy, do not suffer from nutrient deficiency, and avoid fertilizer damage. Four taboos include avoiding high-concentration fertilizers, top-dressing on wet soil, applying fertilizer during high temperatures, and using overly concentrated dressings.
Organic fertilizer application should be around 3,000 kilograms per acre. For NPK fertilizers, the recommended rates vary depending on yield levels: below 2,000 kg per acre, apply 10 kg of nitrogen, 7 kg of phosphorus, and 10 kg of potassium per mu; between 2,000–2,500 kg per acre, apply 9 kg of nitrogen, 6.5 kg of phosphorus, and 9 kg of potassium per mu; and above 2,500 kg per acre, use 8 kg of nitrogen, 6 kg of phosphorus, and 8 kg of potassium per mu.
Fertilization methods include base fertilizer, which is typically applied before transplanting—using 3,000 tons of pig manure or high-quality compost per acre, along with 100% of the phosphate fertilizer and 30% of the nitrogen and potassium as deep application. Seedling fertilizer should be about 50% of the total nitrogen and potassium, applied in stages every 10 days to support stem and leaf growth. The "hair-fertilizer" stage involves applying 30% of the total nitrogen and potassium to encourage tuber development and increase yield. For crops like melons, eggplants, fruits, and beans, spraying a 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution 2–3 times during mid to late growth can significantly improve quality and yield.