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Feeding and management techniques of meat female rabbits in different periods
Breeding female rabbits are the cornerstone of a healthy and productive rabbit population. The primary goal of raising high-quality breeding females is to ensure both the quality and quantity of their offspring. To help these females reach their full reproductive potential, farmers must provide proper feeding and management during different stages—especially during the non-pregnant, pregnant, and lactating periods.
The non-pregnant (or "empty") period refers to the time between weaning and the next mating. During this time, female rabbits have used up a lot of energy from nursing their previous litter, leaving them weak and undernourished. It's crucial to replenish their nutrients quickly to restore their health and prepare them for the next breeding cycle. A balanced diet rich in protein, vitamins, and minerals should be provided, with adjustments based on their body condition. Overweight or underweight females require specific dietary changes to optimize fertility and reproductive success.
During pregnancy, the nutritional needs of the female increase significantly. Not only does she need to maintain her own health, but she also supports fetal development, uterine growth, and mammary gland preparation. In early pregnancy, feed levels can be slightly higher than those for non-pregnant females, while in late pregnancy, they should be 1.5 times greater. High-quality green feed, concentrates, and mineral supplements like bone powder and salt are essential. Protein, calcium, and phosphorus are particularly important for fetal growth, and deficiencies can lead to stillbirths, weak offspring, or developmental issues.
Proper management during pregnancy is equally vital. Preventing stress, avoiding sudden feed changes, and ensuring clean, comfortable housing are key. Abortion risks are common between 15–25 days of gestation and can be caused by poor nutrition, physical trauma, or disease. Farmers should avoid unnecessary handling, monitor for signs of illness, and prepare nesting areas 3–4 days before birth.
Lactation is the most demanding phase for a breeding female. She produces large amounts of milk with high protein, fat, and mineral content, requiring a nutrient-dense diet. Green feed is ideal during warmer months, while hay and succulent feeds are better in winter. If the diet is inadequate, the mother may lose weight, which can affect both her health and milk production. Monitoring the puppies’ behavior and feces can indicate whether the mother is adequately nourished.
To manage lactation effectively, some farms use a method where puppies are temporarily removed and returned for feeding. This helps assess milk supply and adjust feeding accordingly. Additionally, preventing mastitis is critical. Ensuring clean living conditions, managing milk flow, and providing extra fluids or supplements when needed can reduce the risk of infection.
In summary, successful rabbit breeding relies heavily on the care and nutrition of breeding females throughout all life stages. By understanding their physiological needs and implementing proper feeding and management strategies, farmers can improve reproduction rates, puppy survival, and long-term productivity.