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Feeding and management techniques of meat female rabbits in different periods
Breeding female rabbits are the cornerstone of a healthy and productive rabbit population. The goal of raising high-quality breeding females is to ensure a large number of healthy offspring with good genetic traits. To help these females reach their full reproductive potential, farmers must pay special attention to feeding and management during key stages: the non-pregnant (empty) period, pregnancy, and lactation. Each phase requires specific care to maintain the health and productivity of the females.
During the empty period, which begins after weaning and ends before mating, female rabbits often experience nutritional depletion due to nursing. They may become weak and underweight. It's essential to provide them with balanced nutrition to restore their strength and improve their overall health. A diet rich in green feed, supplemented with concentrates, can help them regain body condition. Maintaining an optimal fat level of 70-80% is crucial—too much or too little fat can affect fertility and breeding success. Adjusting protein and sugar intake based on individual needs helps optimize reproductive performance.
For pregnant females, proper feeding and management are even more critical. During early pregnancy, nutrient requirements are relatively low, but as the fetuses grow rapidly in the later stages, the dietary energy and protein levels should increase by up to 1.5 times compared to non-pregnant females. Ensuring adequate protein, calcium, phosphorus, and vitamins is vital for fetal development and the mother’s health. Deficiencies in these nutrients can lead to stillbirths, weak offspring, and higher mortality rates.
Pregnancy management also involves preventing miscarriages. Common causes include poor nutrition, stress, improper handling, or infections. Farmers should avoid sudden changes in feed, handle rabbits gently, and monitor for signs of illness. Preparing a clean, comfortable nest box a few days before birth is essential for the comfort of the mother and her kits.
Lactating females have the highest nutritional demands. They produce milk with high protein, fat, and mineral content, requiring a diet rich in energy, protein, and vitamins. In summer, green feed is ideal, while hay and succulent feeds work well in winter. If the feed doesn't meet their needs, the mother will draw from her own reserves, leading to weight loss and reduced milk production. Monitoring the pups’ growth and feces can help assess whether the mother is receiving enough nutrition.
Proper management during lactation also includes preventing mastitis, a common issue caused by overproduction or insufficient nursing. Providing extra feed, using foster mothers, or adjusting the number of kits can help balance milk supply and demand. Keeping the environment clean and comfortable, especially in extreme weather, is also important for the health of both mother and young.
By focusing on the unique needs of each stage, farmers can maximize the productivity and longevity of their breeding females, ensuring a sustainable and profitable rabbit farming operation.