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About Cultivation Techniques of Sweet Potato Seedlings
Toon seedlings, also known as young shoots of Toona sinensis, are a unique and nutritious vegetable that has gained popularity in recent years. These seedlings are cultivated from the germination of Toona sinensis seeds, and they have become a promising alternative to traditional harvesting methods. Over the past decade, small-scale cultivation has started near major cities in northern China. This indoor method allows for year-round production at room temperature, making fresh toon seedlings available all year round. Compared to manually picking buds from trees, this technique significantly reduces labor costs and shortens the growth cycle, offering a sustainable and efficient farming option.
Toon seedlings are not only flavorful but also highly nutritious. According to nutritional analysis, each serving contains 90.5 grams of moisture, 1.7 grams of protein, 0.2 grams of fat, 2.3 grams of crude fiber, 3.8 grams of carbohydrates, 780 milligrams of beta-carotene, 0.08 milligrams of thiamine, 0.13 milligrams of riboflavin, and 1.0 milligram of niacin. Their distinct aroma makes them ideal for cold dishes, stir-frying, or pickling, and they are especially popular among people in northern China.
For successful cultivation, it is essential to select high-quality seeds. Varieties such as red oil pods and black oil pods are preferred due to their large, full seeds and high germination rates. However, Toona sinensis seeds have a short storage life, and their viability decreases after the second half of the normal temperature period. Therefore, only seeds with high purity, freshness, clarity, and no signs of mold or pests should be used.
Before soaking, gently rub the seeds to remove the membranous wings and impurities like stems and leaves. Soak the seeds in water for 24 hours, then drain them. There are two common germination methods: one involves wrapping the seeds in gauze and placing them in a germination chamber, while the other uses clean seedling trays with damp cotton cloth. Place about 75 grams of soaked seeds on each tray, cover with a layer of cloth, and keep them in a warm, humid environment (20–23°C). The seeds should be checked daily, turned 2–3 times, and misted to maintain proper moisture. After 3–4 days, when the sprouts reach 1–2 mm, they can be sown.
For planting, use a mix of perlite, fine soil mixed with compost (1:1), or sawdust combined with fine soil (1:1). Soak the seedling trays with water, sow 50–70 grams of dried seeds per tray, spread evenly, and cover with 1 cm of soil. Once the seedlings emerge, place them in a well-lit, ventilated room with a temperature of 20–23°C and light levels between 4,000–5,000 lux. Water the plants 3–4 times daily and apply a 0.1% urea solution every 2–3 days.
Harvesting takes place when the seedlings have 2–3 true leaves and reach a height of 8–10 cm. Ideal seedlings are those with thick, green buds, flat cotyledons, and no signs of rot or damage. They are typically sold whole on the tray or after rooting, with each plate weighing around 400–450 grams. From sowing to harvest, the process takes approximately 15–18 days, and the product can be stored in the shade for up to a week. This method offers an efficient, nutritious, and sustainable way to produce a beloved vegetable.