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Paddy
The scientific name of this pest is *Chrysaspidia festucae* (Linnaeus), which belongs to the order Lepidoptera and family Noctuidae. Common names include "gold wing moths," "worms," and similar terms. This species is widely distributed across various rice-growing regions throughout the country.
It primarily damages crops such as rice, wheat, barnyard grass (*Echinochloa crus-galli*), *Aegilops mellifera*, and *Trilobata*. The larvae are particularly destructive, feeding on the foliage and causing significant damage, especially to young seedlings and vegetable crops. This can affect tillering and ear formation in rice plants. Additionally, overwintering larvae can cause harm to wheat crops.
Morphologically, the adult moth has a body length of 13–19 mm and a wingspan of 32–37 mm. The head and thorax are reddish-brown, while the abdomen is light yellow-brown. The forewings are yellow-brown with light golden spots near the trailing edge and base. Dark brown horizontal lines are visible, along with two large silver spots in the middle of the wing. The hind wings are light yellow-brown with a grayish tinge. The eggs are egg-shaped, measuring approximately 0.45 mm in height and 0.6 mm in width, with about 40 longitudinal ridges. Initially white, they turn yellow-green or dark gray as they develop. The last instar larvae reach 31–34 mm in length, appearing green or blue-green. They have a blue-green dorsal line, white or yellow-white subdorsal and lateral lines, and a wide yellow stripe. These larvae have reduced abdominal legs, and their final stage features a distinct adult-like marking on the back, with small spines on the hips.
In terms of life habits, this species typically has 2–3 generations per year in Heilongjiang and Ningxia, while in Jiangsu, it can have up to 4–5 generations. Larvae live at the base of wheat plants and other host crops. In Jiangsu, adults emerge in early May and peak in mid-May. The first generation appears in late June to July, the second in late July to August, the third in late August to September, and the fourth in late September to October. In Ningxia, the moth activity starts in early June, with peaks in July and August. Egg development takes about 5 days in Ningxia, followed by a larval period of one month and a pupal stage lasting 17 days. In Jiangsu, the egg stage lasts 4.5–6 days, the larval stage 18–20 days, the pupal stage 6–8 days, and the adult stage 6–10 days. Adults are attracted to light and prefer to mate and lay eggs during the night. Eggs are laid on leaves, leaf sheaths, or stems. The larvae go through 5–7 instars, with some individuals reaching up to 12 instars. Young larvae tend to drop from plants and are carried by wind, while older larvae consume more food. The final instar larvae remain on the upper surface of leaves. Damage tends to be more severe in cooler summer conditions. Natural predators include gold-winged beetles, yellow hairy veins, sparrows, and frogs.
For prevention, it is essential to conduct accurate forecasting. Before winter and after winter, select five representative wheat fields to monitor the number of overwintering larvae and issue timely warnings to prevent outbreaks. Early suppression of larvae in pre-winter and early spring can help reduce the population. In severely affected areas, spraying 50% dichlorvos emulsifiable concentrate diluted 1500 times or 2.5% trichlorfon powder at the time of larval emergence is recommended, using 2.2–2.5 kg per 667 m². These measures can significantly control infestations and protect crop yields.