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Five ways to solve injury
If remediation steps are taken quickly after crop injury, the damage caused by the injury can be significantly reduced. Here are several effective methods to address phytotoxicity and minimize harm to crops.
First, water washing can be used to remove residual pesticides from plant surfaces. After a pesticide application causes phytotoxic effects, it is recommended to spray the affected plants with clean water 2–3 times. This helps wash away the chemicals that may have adhered to the leaves or stems. To enhance this process, you can add 0.2% sodium hydroxide (alkali) or 0.5% lime water to the irrigation water. Alkaline substances help break down many pesticides, reducing their toxic effects on the plants.
Second, applying specific solutions to alleviate the damage can also be effective. For example, if pests like omethoate or parathion cause leaf burn, spraying a 0.2% borax solution can help reduce the symptoms. In cases where growth is stunted due to herbicides such as paclobutrazol, using a 0.05% gibberellic acid (commonly known as "920") solution can promote recovery. For crops damaged by copper sulfate or Bordeaux mixture, spraying 0.5% lime water can neutralize the harmful effects.
Third, drainage and irrigation techniques can help lower pesticide residue in the soil. When herbicides cause phytotoxicity, draining excess water from the field can reduce the concentration of chemicals in the root zone. For instance, if rice suffers from dwarf disease due to Trichosanthes, immediate drainage followed by intermittent irrigation can help flush out the remaining pesticides, thus lessening the impact on the crop.
Fourth, applying nitrogen-rich fertilizers quickly can aid in recovery. If plants show signs of leaf burn, yellowing, or other stress symptoms, applying 5–12 kg of urea per acre, along with phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, can provide essential nutrients. Loosening the soil through cultivation also promotes root development and enhances the plant’s ability to withstand chemical stress. This method is especially effective for seedlings and young plants suffering from mild phytotoxicity.
Finally, removing the affected parts of the plant can prevent further spread of the damage. If fruit trees experience phytotoxicity due to over-application of pesticides through injection or banding, cutting off the affected branches promptly can stop the chemical from spreading further. At the same time, watering the area thoroughly can help dilute any remaining chemicals in the soil and reduce ongoing damage.
By implementing these measures, farmers can effectively manage crop injuries caused by pesticide use, ensuring healthier growth and better yields.