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Five ways to solve injury
If crop injury occurs, prompt remediation measures can significantly reduce the damage. Here are effective methods to address and mitigate the effects of pesticide-related phytotoxicity:
1. **Water Washing**: When phytotoxicity is caused by pesticide application, it's advisable to spray large amounts of water 2–3 times to wash off the chemicals from plant surfaces. Adding 0.2% alkali or 0.5% lime water to the rinse solution can help neutralize and break down the pesticides, as many are sensitive to alkaline conditions. This method is especially useful for reducing surface-level chemical buildup.
2. **Spray to Alleviate Damage**: For specific pesticides known to cause harm, targeted sprays can be used to counteract their effects. For example, insecticides like omethoate or parathion can be treated with a 0.2% borax solution. If crops like rapeseed or peanuts are affected by paclobutrazol, applying a 0.05% "920" (gibberellic acid) solution can restore growth. Similarly, copper sulfate or Bordeaux mixture damage can be reduced by spraying 0.5% lime water.
3. **Drainage to Reduce Residues**: In cases where herbicides cause phytotoxicity, proper drainage can help lower the concentration of residual chemicals in the soil. For instance, if rice is affected by Trichosanthes, draining the field immediately after initial symptoms and using intermittent irrigation can reduce the impact and promote recovery.
4. **Apply Nitrogen Fertilizer**: To address symptoms such as leaf burn, yellowing, or foliar damage, applying 5–12 kg of urea per acre, along with phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, can boost plant nutrition. Loosening the soil through cultivation also helps stimulate root growth and improve the plant’s ability to withstand stress, making this approach highly effective for seedlings and young plants.
5. **Remove Damaged Parts**: When fruit trees suffer from over-application of pesticides through methods like injection or bandaging, cutting off the affected branches promptly can prevent further spread of the chemical. Immediate watering is also essential to dilute and flush out remaining toxins.
By implementing these strategies, farmers can effectively manage and minimize crop damage caused by pesticide exposure, ensuring healthier growth and better yields.