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Vegetable winter and spring seedling six attention
In winter and spring, the weather is typically cold, with low temperatures and weak sunlight. To successfully grow healthy seedlings suitable for their age, several key factors need to be carefully managed.
1. **Prevent Seed Rotting**
The minimum temperature required for germination varies depending on the type of plant. For fruiting vegetables, it’s around 11°C to 12°C, while leafy vegetables can germinate at 0°C to 4°C. During early spring, when using cold frames or plastic tunnels, excessive moisture and low temperatures during rainy or snowy days can lead to poor germination or rotting seeds. If no seedlings emerge within seven days after sowing, it's likely that the seeds have rotted. To avoid this, sow in warm, sunny conditions, use electric heating beds or heated nurseries, and ensure proper insulation to maintain optimal soil temperature.
2. **Avoid "Hatted" Seedlings**
"Hatted" seedlings occur when the cotyledons are covered by a thin layer of soil, resembling a hat on top. This can hinder photosynthesis and development. The main cause is overly dry soil or insufficient covering. To prevent this, water the seedbed thoroughly before sowing, and ensure the right depth of soil coverage: 1.0–1.5 cm for small seeds, 1.5–2.0 cm for medium seeds, and 3–4 cm for large seeds.
3. **Prevent Root Burn and Cold Roots**
A common issue in seedling cultivation is root burn, often caused by undecomposed organic fertilizer or over-fertilization. Symptoms include yellowing and wilting leaves. If root burn occurs, water the plants to dilute the fertilizer and improve air circulation. Cold roots, on the other hand, result from low soil temperature and high humidity. To prevent this, raise the bed temperature, reduce watering, perform regular tilling, and increase ventilation to lower humidity.
4. **Avoid Rigid Seedlings**
Rigid seedlings can develop due to low soil temperatures in early spring, which slow root growth, or by withholding water in later stages to control growth. Both situations can stunt root development. To avoid this, keep the seedbed warm in the early phase to encourage root growth. In the late nursery stage, if the seedlings are growing too fast, lower the temperature, increase light exposure, and improve ventilation. Water only as needed to control growth effectively.
5. **Prevent "Flashing" Seedlings**
Flashing seedlings occur when sudden temperature changes inside the greenhouse cause wind to blow through, damaging young plants. This commonly happens when the internal temperature exceeds 25°C. To prevent this, ventilate the greenhouse when the temperature reaches 20°C, and fully open vents when it goes above 25°C.
6. **Avoid Leggy Seedlings**
Leggy seedlings are elongated and weak, often due to insufficient light or improper temperature control. To prevent this, increase ventilation, extend light exposure, and expose seedlings to cooler temperatures to strengthen them. Growth regulators like chlormequat can also be used to suppress excessive growth, while improving cold and disease resistance.
By addressing these issues, gardeners can significantly improve the health and vigor of their seedlings during the colder months.
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