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Vegetable winter and spring seedling six attention
In winter and spring, the weather tends to be cold, with low temperatures and weak sunlight. Growing suitable seedlings during this period requires careful attention to several key factors.
1. **Prevent Seed Rot**
The minimum temperature required for germination varies depending on the type of plant. For fruit and vegetable seeds, it's around 11°C to 12°C, while leafy vegetables can germinate at 0°C to 4°C. In early spring, when using cold beds or plastic tunnels, excessive moisture and low temperatures can lead to poor germination or even rot. If no seedlings emerge within seven days, it may indicate that the seeds have rotted. To prevent this, sow during warm, sunny days and use heated beds or greenhouses to maintain optimal temperatures. Covering the beds more densely can also help retain heat.
2. **Avoid "Hatted" Seedlings**
"Hatted" seedlings occur when the soil is too dry, causing the cotyledons to emerge like a hat on top of the seed. This hinders normal growth and photosynthesis. The solution is to ensure proper watering before sowing and to apply an appropriate layer of soil over the seeds. Small seeds should be covered with about 1–1.5 cm of soil, medium seeds with 1.5–2 cm, and large seeds with 3–4 cm.
3. **Prevent Root Burn and Cold Damage**
The recommended ratio of organic fertilizer to bed soil is usually 1:1. Using undecomposed manure or applying too much fertilizer can burn the roots, causing yellowing and wilting leaves. If root burn occurs, water the plants to dilute the fertilizer and improve air circulation. Cold damage to roots happens when the soil is too wet and too cold. To avoid this, raise the bed temperature, reduce watering, perform cultivation, and increase ventilation to lower humidity.
4. **Avoid Rigid Seedlings**
Rigid seedlings often form due to low soil temperatures in early spring, which slows root development, or due to insufficient watering in the later stages of seedling growth. To prevent this, keep the seedbed warm and promote healthy root growth. In the later stage, if the seedlings are growing too fast, lower the temperature, increase light exposure, and improve ventilation to control growth without overwatering.
5. **Prevent "Flashing" Seedlings**
Flashing occurs when the temperature inside the greenhouse rises quickly, causing sudden wind to damage young seedlings. This typically happens when the internal temperature exceeds 25°C. To prevent this, ventilate the greenhouse when the temperature reaches 20°C and open vents fully when it goes above 25°C.
6. **Avoid Leggy Seedlings**
Leggy seedlings are thin and weak, often caused by insufficient light or improper temperature. In addition to increasing ventilation and light exposure, you can spray plant growth regulators such as chlormequat to control elongation. This not only helps prevent legginess but also improves the seedlings’ cold tolerance and disease resistance.
By following these practices, you can significantly improve the quality and survival rate of your seedlings during the colder months.
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