There are two kinds of external fixations for pelvic fractures, namely temporary fixation and therapeutic fixation.
Temporary fixation depends on on-site assistance. Assuming that the patient has serious open injury, severe hemorrhagic shock, and serious fracture dislocation, the rescue personnel will provide temporary external fixation support to maintain the stability of the pelvis, reduce secondary injuries, and correct the continuous aggravation of hemorrhagic loss on the scene. The therapeutic external fixation stent is used to correct the dislocation of the fracture through routine examination after admission, evaluation of the injury, and external fixation installation through treatment, maintain the relative stability of the fracture, create a very quiet environment for the fracture healing, and lay the foundation for the healing of the fracture. External fixation is an important method for pelvic fractures.
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The summer and autumn silkworm yields a good seven
In summer and autumn, high temperatures, heavy rainfall, high humidity, and the frequent use of pesticides in agricultural production create several adverse environmental conditions that can negatively affect silkworm rearing. To achieve high yields during these seasons, it is essential to follow seven key strategies:
1. **Temperature and Humidity Control**: Silkworms thrive at a temperature range of 24–27°C and a relative humidity of 75–85%. In the early stages, slightly lower temperatures are acceptable, but as they grow, the temperature should gradually increase. If the temperature drops below 24°C in the later stages, it should be adjusted promptly. During periods of high humidity and heat, placing lime blocks indoors can help absorb excess moisture, while using fans improves air circulation and reduces the risk of heat stress.
2. **Leaf Selection for Silkworms**: For summer and autumn silkworms, the quality of mulberry leaves is crucial. The ideal leaves are yellowish-green with wrinkles for young silkworms (ant collection), green and flat for one-year-old leaves, dark green for two-year-old leaves, and slightly firm for three-year-old leaves.
3. **Feeding Management**: Silkworms grow quickly in hot weather, so feeding must be carefully managed. The principle of “three thin†applies: the silkworms should be spread thinly on the floor, on the shelves, and on the silk mats. The amount of mulberry leaves should be increased by one more portion compared to spring. When the weather is dry and hot, the quantity of leaves should also be increased. The leaves must be evenly distributed to ensure silkworms eat fresh, high-quality leaves. Since summer and autumn leaves have low moisture content, water should be sprinkled on them according to the larvae’s needs and environmental conditions.
4. **Environmental Maintenance**: During summer and autumn, silkworms need a cool and well-ventilated environment. A pergola should be placed 0.7 meters above the eaves, surrounded by straw curtains for insulation. Water from a well can be sprayed to cool the area. During peak heat, water should be applied to walls and awnings around the structure. Doors and windows should be opened for ventilation when temperatures drop. High humidity requires drying materials on the silkworm platform, reducing the amount of mulberry fed, and increasing the frequency of sand removal to avoid wet leaves.
5. **Disease Prevention**: Strict hygiene is critical in silkworm rearing. Before starting, the room should be cleaned, and silkworms should be washed and disinfected. The soil should be changed, and the floor treated with lime slurry. All equipment, including nets, must be sterilized. Key steps include boiling and sterilizing nets after each removal, disinfecting silkworms after their third molt, and sprinkling fresh lime powder daily. Contaminated mulberry leaves or larvae should be treated with a 0.3% chlorine bleach solution. Utensils should be sterilized daily, and the ground disinfected after each sand removal. Silkworm waste should be removed promptly, and all equipment should be kept off the ground. Sick silkworms must be isolated, and individuals entering the room should change shoes and wash hands thoroughly. After each rearing cycle, the entire space should be disinfected, feces properly disposed of, and used grasshoppers burned completely.
6. **Ventilation and Climate Control**: Proper cooling and dehumidification are essential. The temperature should be maintained around 24°C, with fluctuations not exceeding ±1.5°C. Humidity should be kept between 60% and 75%, with adequate ventilation to ensure a healthy environment.
7. **Harvesting Timing**: It is best to collect silkworms when most of them have reached the larval stage and the pupae begin to turn yellow. Harvesting should occur 6–7 days after this point. Picking too early can result in tender pupae that bleed easily, contaminating the cocoon layer and lowering quality. If harvested too late, the pupae may be infested by flies, making them unsuitable for reeling. When harvesting, sort the pupae carefully, separating good from bad, and avoid piling them too thickly. Only 2–3 grains should be handled at a time to prevent overheating and maintain tannin quality.