Intramedullary nails are orthopedic internal fixation devices in medical devices. Intramedullary nails consists of main nail,locking screws,cannulated locking screws,blade screws,lag screws and end cap.
The proximal end of the main nail is provided with a proximal locking screw holes, and the surface of the intramedullary nail is provided with more than one long decompression plane, which can be from the proximal end of the intramedullary nail to the distal end.It is one of the most important orthopedic implants.
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The summer and autumn silkworm yields a good seven
In summer and autumn, the environmental conditions—high temperatures, heavy rainfall, high humidity, and frequent pesticide use in crop production—pose significant challenges for silkworm rearing. To achieve high yields during these seasons, it is essential to implement seven key measures to control and optimize the rearing environment.
First, temperature and humidity management are critical. Silkworms thrive at 24–27°C with 75–85% relative humidity. In the early stages, a slightly lower temperature is acceptable, but as they grow, the temperature should gradually increase. If the temperature drops below 24°C in the later stages, it should be adjusted promptly. When humidity is too high or the weather is extremely hot, placing lime blocks indoors can help absorb excess moisture, while using fans improves air circulation and reduces the risk of heat stress.
Second, selecting the right mulberry leaves is crucial. For summer and autumn silkworms, the leaves should be yellowish-green and wrinkled when collected for young silkworms. Leaves that are flat and green are suitable for one-year-old silkworms, while dark green, slightly tough leaves are ideal for three-year-old silkworms. Proper leaf selection ensures optimal nutrition and growth.
Third, feeding practices must be carefully managed. During summer and autumn, silkworms grow quickly, so the feeding process should follow the "three thin" principle: the silkworms should be spread thinly on the floor, the leaves on the shelves should be evenly distributed, and the silkworm heads should not be overcrowded. The amount of mulberry leaves given daily should be increased compared to spring, especially in hot and dry weather. Leaves should be fresh, evenly spread, and watered if necessary to maintain moisture content. Feeding should be done at noon during high temperatures, and more leaves should be provided during the active feeding periods.
Fourth, maintaining a clean and controlled environment is essential. Silkworms should be kept in shaded areas, such as under arbors, which are elevated by 0.7 meters above the eaves and surrounded by straw curtains to reduce heat. Watering the surrounding walls and awnings during midday helps cool the area. Ventilation should be improved by opening doors and windows. When humidity is high, drying the materials on the silkworm bed, reducing the amount of mulberry leaves, and increasing sand removal can help manage moisture levels effectively.
Fifth, disease prevention is vital. Pre-sterilization procedures include cleaning, washing, and disinfecting the rearing space. Lime slurry should be applied to the ground, and all surfaces should be painted with lime water. Silkworm nets and other tools must be boiled and dried regularly. During the rearing process, every time the nets are removed, they should be sterilized. After each molt, the silkworms should be disinfected. Daily sprinkling of fresh lime powder helps prevent disease. Contaminated leaves and larvae should be treated with a 0.3% chlorine bleach solution, and utensils should be sterilized daily. Ground disinfection should occur after each sand removal, and silkworm waste should be cleaned and disposed of promptly. Equipment should not be placed directly on the ground, and any sick silkworms should be isolated. Visitors should change shoes and wash hands before entering the rearing area. After each rearing cycle, the entire space should be thoroughly disinfected, and all waste should be properly treated and burned.
Sixth, proper ventilation and cooling are necessary. The temperature should be maintained around 24°C, with no more than a 1.5°C fluctuation. Humidity should be kept between 60% and 75%. Adequate airflow and cooling systems help ensure a stable and healthy environment for the silkworms.
Lastly, timely harvesting is important. Once most of the silkworms have reached the larval stage, it's best to harvest them when the cocoons turn yellow. Harvesting should occur 6–7 days after this point. Picking too early may result in soft cocoons that bleed easily, polluting the mulberry layer and affecting the quality of the silk. If harvested too late, the cocoons may be infested by flies, making them unsuitable for reeling. When picking, it’s important to separate good from bad cocoons, avoid piling them too thickly, and handle them gently to prevent overheating and damage to the tannin quality.