Scientific name: Aristolochia debilis

Common names: Big flower Aristolochia, Tianmuxiang, Star vine

Family: Aristolochiaceae, Genus: Aristolochia

Species: Perennial climbing herb

Morphological characteristics:

This plant is a weak, climbing perennial with a hairless surface. Its roots are long and spread underground, allowing new plants to grow in various locations. The young seedlings have a dark purple color. The stems start off thin and upright but later twist or climb upwards. The leaves are alternate, and the flowers appear singly in the leaf axils. The flowers are trumpet-shaped, with a rounded upper part that gradually forms two distinct sections. The upper portion is shorter than the lower one and expands into a cap-like shape, while the lower part takes on a trough-like, moon-shaped form. The trough has a purple color, and the base is covered with white glandular hairs. The entire flower displays a striking combination of purple and green, making it visually captivating. The fruit is nearly spherical, yellow-green, and when mature, the cap opens. The fruiting period occurs between September and October, and the seeds are flat and triangular.

Ecological habits:

Native to Mexico, this species is also found in Japan. In China, it can be cultivated outdoors in provinces such as Yunnan, Guangxi, Fujian, and Taiwan. It is mostly found growing wild in humid areas within broad-leaved forests or mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests. It often grows along roadsides, forest edges, and among shrubs, clinging to tree trunks and rocks. It prefers warm and humid conditions, with an ideal temperature range of 18–28°C. It is not cold-tolerant, requires plenty of light, and can tolerate partial shade. It thrives in well-drained, sandy loam soil rich in humus.

Garden use:

The unique and colorful flowers of Aristolochia debilis make it an attractive addition to gardens. It can be planted to climb walls, fences, or trellises, serving as ground cover or for vertical greening. It is also suitable for container gardening, where it can be displayed on a plastic frame for ornamental purposes. Its beauty and ease of growth make it a fun and rewarding plant for gardeners.

Medicinal function:

The plant was named for its distinctive shape, resembling a twelve-edged structure with six split wings. Traditionally, it has been used to treat coughs and asthma. It helps clear the lungs, relieve coughing, phlegm, shortness of breath, and even hemoptysis (coughing up blood). It is also used for sore throat and embolism.

Another variety, known as Aristolochia elegans, is also called "pipe flower" or "beautiful Aristolochia." It is a perennial climber with slender stems and leaves. The flowers are trumpet-shaped, bending upward, about 8–9 cm long. The base swells, the middle is narrow, and the top expands into a trumpet-like shape. The petals are lavender with deep purple spots and markings, and the throat is dark purple or black, creating a striking visual effect.

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