Aristolochia grandiflorum
Scientific name: Aristolochia debilis
Common names: Big flower Aristolochia, Tianmuxiang, Star vine
Family: Aristolochiaceae, Genus: Aristolochia
Species: Perennial climbing herb
Morphological Characteristics:
This plant has a weak and sprawling growth habit, with the entire plant being hairless. Its roots are long and extend deep into the soil, often giving rise to new plants in surrounding areas. The young seedlings have a dark purple color. The stems are thin when they first emerge, initially standing upright before beginning to climb or twine around supports. The leaves are arranged alternately along the stem. Flowers appear singly in the leaf axils. They are trumpet-shaped, with a rounded base that gradually tapers into an upper portion. The upper part is shorter than the lower one, forming a cap-like structure, while the lower part takes on a trough-like shape, featuring purple coloring in the center and white glandular hairs. The overall flower color is a mix of purple and green, creating a striking and unusual appearance. The fruit is nearly spherical, yellow-green in color, and develops a cap-like structure when mature. The fruiting season typically occurs between September and October. The seeds are flat and triangular in shape.
Ecological Habits:
Native to Mexico, this species is also found in Japan. In China, it can be cultivated outdoors in provinces such as Yunnan, Guangxi, Fujian, and Taiwan. It is commonly found growing wild in humid, broad-leaved forests or mixed coniferous and broad-leaved woodlands. It often appears along roadsides, forest edges, and among shrubs, clinging to tree trunks and rocks. It thrives in warm and humid environments, with an ideal temperature range of 18–28°C. It is cold-sensitive. It prefers full sun but can tolerate partial shade. It is adaptable to poor soils. It grows best in sandy loam rich in humus.
Garden Uses:
Aristolochia debilis features unique and colorful flowers, making it an attractive choice for garden cultivation. It can be planted to climb walls, fences, or trellises, serving as ground cover or for vertical greening. It is also suitable for potted plants, where it can be displayed on balconies or patios, adding visual interest and charm.
Medicinal Properties:
The plant was named for its distinctive shape, resembling the Twelve Edges line, with six wings splitting open. It has been traditionally used to treat coughs, asthma, and respiratory issues. It helps relieve coughing, shortness of breath, hemoptysis, and excessive phlegm. It is also used for sore throat and embolism.
Another variety, known as Aristolochia elegans, is also called "Pipe Flower" or "Beautiful Aristolochia." It is a perennial climber with slender stems and leaves. The flowers are trumpet-shaped, bending upward, about 8–9 cm long. The base swells, the middle becomes narrow, and the top expands into a trumpet-like shape. The petals are lavender with deep purple spots and markings, and the throat is dark purple or black, making it visually stunning.
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