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To prevent tomato gray mold in the greenhouse
Tomatoes grown in greenhouses are commonly affected by a serious disease known as tomato gray mold. This fungal infection thrives in cool, humid conditions, making winter and early spring greenhouse environments particularly favorable for its spread. Over the years, the increasing resistance of the pathogen has made control more challenging. Based on field trials and practical experience, we have developed eight effective strategies to manage this issue.
1. **Petal Removal**: The initial infection of Botrytis cinerea often occurs on the petals and stigma of tomato flowers. As the disease progresses, infected petals fall onto leaves, leading to further spread. Removing the remaining petals and stigmas after flowering helps prevent the first stage of infection.
2. **High-Temperature Greenhouses**: Adjusting temperature and humidity can create an environment that promotes healthy tomato growth while discouraging gray mold. In the morning, raise the greenhouse temperature to 31–33°C, reaching up to 34°C. At noon, release heat so the afternoon temperature drops below 25°C, and close vents when it reaches 20°C. At night, maintain temperatures between 13–15°C. Water only during sunny mornings, then immediately close the greenhouse and let the air circulate at 33°C for one hour.
3. **Flower Spraying**: Using a 10–25 mg/L anti-dropping agent with 0.1% chlorimicarb can help reduce the spread of gray mold. When two to three flowers open on a cluster, spray once, and repeat when about 50% of the flowers are open.
4. **Pre-Water Spraying**: Watering after spraying increases the risk of disease development. It’s better to spray first, then water the next day. Focus on the flowers and young fruits during spraying.
5. **Drug-Enhanced Transplanting**: After transplanting seedlings, plants may be more vulnerable due to weakened resistance. One day before transplanting, apply a protective treatment to strengthen plant defenses.
6. **Alternating Pesticides**: Prolonged use of certain imported pesticides, like 50% fast-king or 50% fluocin, has led to resistance. To avoid this, alternate with newer options such as 25% puruflu, 28% gray mold grams, 50% chlorimurine, or Terek.
7. **Dust Spraying**: Instead of regular sprays, which increase humidity, consider dust applications. Options include 10% extinction grams, 5% chlorothalonil, 10% chloramphenicol, or 10% gray mold. These should be applied in the evening to avoid moisture buildup.
8. **Smoke Application**: During prolonged rain or snow, using smoke agents is effective. Apply 10% fast-king or 45% chlorothalonil at a rate of 250 grams per 667 square meters in the evening.
By implementing these methods, growers can significantly reduce the impact of gray mold and improve the health and yield of their tomato crops.