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To prevent tomato gray mold in the greenhouse
Tomatoes grown in greenhouses are often affected by a serious disease known as tomato gray mold. This fungal infection thrives in low temperatures and high humidity, making it particularly common during the winter and spring seasons when the greenhouse environment is more controlled and moist. Over the years, the increasing resistance of the pathogen has made prevention and treatment more challenging. Based on field trials and practical experience, we have developed eight effective strategies to manage this disease.
1. **Petal Removal**: The petals and stigma of tomato flowers are the primary entry points for *Botrytis cinerea*. As the disease progresses, infected petals fall onto leaves and can lead to further spread. Removing the remaining petals and stigmas after pollination helps prevent initial infections.
2. **High-Temperature Greenhouse Management**: Adjusting temperature and humidity levels can create an environment that favors tomato growth while inhibiting the development of gray mold. In the morning, raise the temperature to 31–33°C, up to 34°C at midday, then lower it below 25°C in the afternoon. Close vents when the temperature drops to 20°C. At night, maintain a temperature between 13–15°C. Water only in the morning, close the greenhouse immediately after watering, and let the air circulate at 33°C for one hour.
3. **Flower Spraying**: Using anti-dropping agents like Sophora japonica can help control the spread of gray mold. Apply a solution containing 10–25 mg/L of the agent, along with 0.1% chlorimicarb. Spray once when two to three flowers appear on a bloom, and again when about 50% of the flowers have opened.
4. **Pre-Watering Spraying**: After watering, the risk of disease increases significantly. To avoid this, spray the plants first, then water the next day. Focus the spraying on the flowers and young fruits, where the fungus is most likely to take hold.
5. **Medicated Transplanting**: Tomato seedlings often have weakened resistance after transplanting. To strengthen them, apply a protective solution one day before transplanting to improve their ability to resist pathogens.
6. **Alternating Pesticides**: Continuous use of the same pesticides, such as 50% Fast-King or 50% Fluocin, has led to increased resistance. It's important to alternate with newer products like 25% Puruflu, 28% Gray Mold Grams, 50% Chlorimurine, or Terek to maintain effectiveness.
7. **Dust Spraying**: Instead of liquid sprays, which increase humidity, consider using dust formulations. Options include 10% Extinction Grams, 5% Chlorothalonil, 10% Chloramphenicol, or 10% Gray Mold Dust. Apply these in the evening to reduce moisture buildup in the greenhouse.
8. **Fumigation**: During periods of continuous rain or snow, when spraying is not feasible, use fumigation. Apply 10% Fast-King or 45% Chlorothalonil at a rate of 250 grams per 667 square meters, and smoke the greenhouse in the evening to ensure even coverage.
These methods, when applied consistently, can significantly reduce the incidence of tomato gray mold and improve crop yield and quality.