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Post-flood animal husbandry should pay attention to what issues
In recent months, several provinces and cities in China have experienced heavy rainfall and flooding, leading to severe damage in many areas. Among the affected sectors, livestock farming has suffered significant losses. As farms begin the process of rebuilding after the floods, it's crucial to implement effective anti-epidemic measures to prevent disease outbreaks and minimize economic impact. Here are some key issues to consider following a flood:
1. **Which Animal Diseases Are Most Likely to Occur After Flooding?**
Floods create ideal conditions for the spread of infectious and parasitic diseases. Common post-flood diseases include anthrax in cattle and sheep, schistosomiasis, swine erysipelas, swine plague, swine streptococcus, infectious bursal disease in chickens, coccidiosis, and various poisoning and intestinal infections. These diseases can quickly spread if not managed properly.
2. **What Should Be Done Now to Prevent Disease Outbreaks?**
Immediate action is essential. This includes the prompt disposal of dead animals, thorough disinfection of farm areas, strengthening vaccination programs, and ensuring that livestock do not consume moldy feed that could lead to poisoning.
3. **Why Is It Important to Disinfect and Dispose of Dead Animals Safely?**
Dead animals carry large amounts of harmful pathogens. If left untreated, they can decompose, release foul odors, and spread bacteria through water and air, leading to environmental contamination and potential outbreaks of both human and animal diseases. The most effective method is deep burial—digging pits at least 2 meters deep, covering the carcasses with lime or disinfectant, and then filling them with soil. Burning is also an option where feasible.
4. **Why Is Veterinary Hygiene and Disinfection Necessary?**
Flooding often leads to sewage overflow, contaminated water sources, and the spread of pathogens from the soil. This creates a high risk of disease transmission. Proper disinfection helps eliminate these pathogens, reduce the spread of disease, and protect both humans and animals.
5. **What Areas Need to Be Disinfected?**
Comprehensive disinfection should cover all areas affected by the flood. This includes barns, slaughterhouses, processing facilities, markets, transport vehicles, water sources, storage areas, and any equipment used in livestock handling.
6. **What Are Common Disinfectants Used?**
Alongside physical methods like cleaning, scrubbing, and incineration, chemical disinfectants are widely used. Common options include lime water, caustic soda, and peracetic acid.
7. **Why Is It Important to Boost Livestock Vaccinations?**
Floods can disrupt normal disease prevention efforts, and previously rare diseases such as swine fever, anthrax, and Newcastle disease may resurface. It's essential to re-vaccinate animals and provide booster shots where necessary to ensure immunity and prevent outbreaks.
8. **Why Is Quarantine and Inspection Critical After a Disaster?**
With large numbers of animals lost and the need for restocking, there's a higher risk of introducing new diseases. Strict quarantine measures are vital to prevent the spread of illness and control potential epidemics.
9. **Why Do Floods Increase the Risk of Coccidiosis?**
Coccidiosis thrives in warm, wet conditions. After floods, the damp environment promotes the growth of coccidia eggs, making outbreaks more likely. This disease is especially dangerous for chickens and rabbits, with high mortality rates in infected flocks. Prevention involves regular cleaning, separating young and adult birds, and using medications under veterinary guidance.
By taking these steps, farmers and authorities can significantly reduce the risk of disease outbreaks and support the recovery of the livestock industry.